Undergraduate e-mail: mcdb-ugrad@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Graduate e-mail: mcdb-gradasst@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Website: lifesci.ucsb.edu/MCDB (will open in a new browser window)

Department Chair: Charles Samuel

Faculty

Rolf E. Christoffersen, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Associate Professor (plant molecular biology)

Dennis O. Clegg, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (molecular neurobiology)

James B. Cooper, Ph.D., Washington University, Associate Professor (plant biology)

Peggy A. Cotter, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Assistant Professor (microbial pathogenesis)

Diane E. Eardley, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Associate Professor (cellular immunology)

Stuart C. Feinstein, Ph.D., UC San Francisco, Professor (molecular cell biology and neurobiology)

Ruth R. Finkelstein, Ph.D., Indiana University, Professor (plant biology)

Steven K. Fisher, Ph.D., Purdue University, Professor (neurobiology)

Kathleen Foltz, Ph.D., Purdue University, Associate Professor (cellular and molecular biology, marine invertebrate development)

David M. Kohl, Ph.D., State University of New York, Lecturer with Security of Employment, (developmental biology)

G. John Lew, Ph.D., University of Calgary, Assistant Professor (biochemistry, molecular biology, enzymology)

David A. Low, Ph.D., UC Irvine, Professor (microbial genetics)

Michael J. Mahan, Ph.D., University of Utah, Associate Professor (microbial pathogenesis)

Daniel Morse, Ph.D., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Professor (molecular genetics, biochemistry, marine biology, developmental biology)

Stephen J. Poole, Ph.D., UC San Diego, Professor (developmental biology, genetics, molecular biology)

Joel Rothman, Ph.D., University of Oregon, Professor (developmental biology, genetics, biochemistry)

Charles E. Samuel, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (virology, biochemistry)

Duane Sears, Ph.D., Columbia University, Professor (biochemistry)

William C. Smith, Ph.D., UC Santa Cruz, Associate Professor (vertebrate developmental biology)

Carol A. Vandenberg, Ph.D., UC San Diego, Associate Professor (molecular neurobiology)

J. Herbert Waite, Ph.D., Duke University, Professor, (marine biomolecular materials)

Leslie Wilson, Ph.D., Tufts University, Professor (biochemical pharmacology)

Emeriti Faculty

John A. Carbon, Ph.D., Northwestern University, Professor Emeritus (biochemistry)

Louise Clarke, Ph.D., UC Santa Barbara, Professor Emerita (biochemistry, genetics)

James Cronshaw, D.Sc., Ph.D., Leeds, Professor Emeritus (cell biology)

Ellis Englesberg, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor Emeritus (microbiology, genetics)

Aharon Gibor, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor Emeritus (cell biology)

Philip C. Laris, Ph.D., Princeton University, Professor Emeritus (cell physiology)

Nancy L. Lee, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh, Professor Emerita (molecular biology)

Henry I. Nakada, Ph.D., Temple University, Professor Emeritus (biochemistry)

Eduardo Orias, Ph.D., California Institute of Technology, Professor Emeritus (genetics)

Ian K. Ross, Ph.D., McGill University, Professor Emeritus (cell biology, mycology)

George Taborsky, Ph.D., Yale University, Professor Emeritus (biochemistry)

Edward L. Triplett, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor Emeritus (biology)

Affiliated Faculty

Benjamin E. Reese, Ph.D. (Psychology)

Molecular, cellular, and developmental biology majors provide excellent preparation for a wide variety of biology-related careers, including careers in the health sciences, biotechnology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, environmental health and safety, food technology, and forensic science, and for research careers in academic, industry, and government laboratories. Many MCDB students prepare for entry into graduate or professional schools. Students should become familiar with the requirements of programs of interest, and then discuss their undergraduate coursework with their advisor. In general, all of the department's majors are suitable for students preparing for professional schools in medicine, veterinary medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, or nursing, and for graduate programs in biochemistry, cell biology, developmental biology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, molecular biology, neurobiology, pharmacology, or virology. Students with a bachelor's degree who are interested in pursuing a California Teaching Credential should contact the credential advisor in the Gevirtz Graduate School of Education as soon as possible.

The department undergraduate academic advisor is available for counseling on matters such as major requirements, course substitutions, petitions, and career and graduate school information. One faculty member serves each year as graduate advisor. The graduate program assistant helps graduate students in all matters related to their graduate study. Department publications are available from the undergraduate advisor and the graduate program assistant. Additional information is available at the MCDB website at lifesci.ucsb.edu/MCDB.

Senior Honors Program

Students with outstanding academic records in biological sciences are encouraged to apply for the senior honors program early in the fall quarter of the senior year. The honors program centers on an independent research project carried out in one of the departmental research groups (MCDB and EEMB 199) and applications are available from the undergraduate advisor.

Undergraduate Program

Students are normally expected to complete all courses required in preparation for the major by the end of their sophomore year, but physics may be delayed until the junior year if necessary. Students with strong high school backgrounds are urged to complete their basic preparation in general chemistry and mathematics during their freshman year. Students with weak mathematics preparation should make up this deficiency by completing intermediate algebra and trigonometry by correspondence through University Extension, preferably during the summer preceding enrollment at UCSB, or by completing Mathematics 15 at UCSB. As the requirements suggest, each major in the department is designed to emphasize a different area in biology.

Upper-division major courses offered on the P/NP-only basis may be taken for major credit to a maximum of 4 units total in any combination for pharmacology and the B.A. in biological sciences or a maximum of 8 units total for the other B.S. majors. All other courses for the major, both preparation and upper-division, must be taken for letter grades.

Pre-Biology

Students are not admitted directly into the following majors: Biological Sciences B.A. or B.S., Biochemistry-Molecular Biology B.S., Biological Sciences B.A. or B.S., Cell and Developmental Biology B.S., Microbiology B.S., and Pharmacology B.S. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing in one of these majors only after fulfilling the pre-major course and grade requirements listed below. Note: Completion of the pre-major does not fully satisfy the preparation for the major requirements for any of the majors. Students should review the full requirement sheet for the major they intend to declare and plan their schedules accordingly. Also note that acceptance into the pre-major does not guarantee admission to full major status.

Students may petition for advancement to full major status in any one of the majors as soon as they have completed the required minimum of twelve courses with a 2.0 or higher grade-point average in area B, area C, and the courses in area A and area D combined. At the time of the petition, they must also have a 2.0 or higher grade-point average in all courses attempted toward the major (preparation and upper-division). The P/NP grading option is not allowed for any pre-major courses. All must be completed on a letter-grade basis.

1. General Chemistry: Chemistry 1A or 2A, 1B or 2B, 1C or 2C. (The entire three-quarter series and laboratories are required for all MCDB majors.)

2. MCDB 1A, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, EEMB 3.

3. MCDB 1AL, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3L.

4. Two courses from the following:

   1. Organic Chemistry: Chemistry 109A-B-C. (Laboratories are also required for all MCDB majors. Biological Sciences B.A. and B.S. do not require 109C.)

   2. Calculus: Mathematics 3A or 34A, 3B or 34B (Biochemistry-Molecular Biology requires Mathematics 3A-B-C and beyond; the other majors give a choice or Mathematics 3A or 34A-B).

   3. Statistics: EEMB 30 or PSTAT 5A or Math 3C (Biochemistry-Molecular Biology requires Math 3C and strongly recomemends Math 5A instead of EEMB 30 or PSTAT 5A).

   4. Physics 6A-B-C (Biological Sciences B.A. does not require 6C. Laboratories required for all majors).

Note: Many upper-division EEMB and all MCDB courses require a C or better in each prerequisite course. See individual course listings.

Bachelor of Arts--Biological Sciences

UCSB offers both a bachelor of arts (B.A.) and a bachelor of science (B.S.) degree in biological sciences. The B.A. degree is intended to provide flexibility in curriculum planning for students interested in obtaining a degree in biology accompanied by a broader background in the liberal arts. Either degree is acceptable to most graduate and professional schools. Students are encouraged to seek advice from biology faculty and academic advisors regarding which degree option is most appropriate to their career goals.

Students are not admitted directly into the biological sciences major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement. Note also that a single course, though listed in more than one area, can satisfy only one requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL, 6A-B, and 109A-B andMathematics 3A-B or 34A-B, and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 or Mathematics 3C; Physics 6A-AL-B-BL.

Upper-division major. Thirty-six upper-division units in biological sciences, distributed as follows:

Note: The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183, 184, MCDB 121, 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 4 units of the following courses combined will apply to the major: EEMB 185-199, MCDB 185-199.

1. Genetics: MCDB 101A (MCDB 101B strongly recommended for students taking 101A) or EEMB 129

2. Physiology: One course or course sequence from MCDB 111, 114, 117; EEMB 141, 143, 154, 155, 156

3. Development and Cell Biology or Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: One course or course sequence from MCDB 103, 108A, 110, 112, 114 (if not used in Area B), 115, 118, 133, 134; EEMB 164

4. Ecology or Evolution: One course or course sequence from EEMB 108, 109 (or Geology 148), 113-113L, 120, 131 (or Geology 121), 135, 136-136L, 137 (or Geology 141), 138, 139, 140, 142A

5. Diversity of Form and Structure: One course or course sequence from EEMB 106, 107, 111, 112, 113-113L (if not used in D above), 116, 134; MCDB 131, 137

6. Electives: Additional upper-division courses offered within the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology to bring unit total to 36.

Bachelor of Science--Biochemistry-Molecular Biology

This major is designed for students interested in the characteristics of the molecules and the molecular mechanisms involved in living systems. It is especially recommended for those planning graduate work in biochemistry, molecular biology, or microbiology.

Students are not admitted directly into the biochemistry-molecular biology major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL, 6A-B, and 109A-B-C; Mathematics 3A-B-C followed by a fourth quarter of mathematics, with Mathematics 5A recommended; Physics 6A-AL-B-BL-C-CL.

Upper-division major. Forty-eight units, distributed as follows:

Note: The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183, 184, MCDB 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 8 units of the following courses combined will apply to the major: EEMB 185-199, MCDB 185-199.

1. Genetics: MCDB 101A-B

2. Biochemistry: MCDB 108A-B-C

3. Biochemistry laboratory: MCDB 109L

4. Physical Chemistry: Chemistry 113A-B and either MCDB 123 or Chemistry 112 or 113C

5. Electives: additional courses from the following to bring the total upper-division units to 48: MCDB 101L, 103, 103L, 108AL, 111, 112, 112L, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 126A, 126AL, 126B, 126BL, 126C, 131, 131L, 132, 132L, 133, 133L, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140L, 145, 167, 186, 187, 188, 192, 197, 198, 199; Chemistry 145, 147.

Bachelor of Science--Biological Sciences

UCSB offers both a bachelor of arts (B.A.) and a bachelor of science (B.S.) degree in biological sciences. The B.S. degree is intended for those students desiring a more focused and intensive curriculum in biology, including the development of laboratory skills. Either degree is acceptable to most graduate and professional schools. Students are encouraged to seek advice from biology faculty and academic advisors regarding which degree option is most appropriate to their career goals.

Students are not admitted directly into the biological sciences major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL, 6A-B and 109A-B; Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B, and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 or Mathematics 3C; Physics 6A-AL-B-BL-C-CL.

Upper-division major. Forty-eight units, distributed as follows:

Note: The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183, 184, MCDB 121, 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 8 units of the following courses combined will apply to the major: EEMB 185-199, MCDB 185-199.

1. Genetics: MCDB 101A and MCDB 101B (MCDB concentration) or EEMB 129 and EEMB 130 (EEMB concentration)

2. One course or course sequence from each of the following. Note: Courses listed in more than one section can be applied to only one section.

   1. Physiology: MCDB 111, 114, 117, 126A, 132 ; EEMB 141, 143, 151, 154, 155, 156

   2. Developmental and Cell Biology: MCDB 103, 112, 114, 115, 118, 119, 133

   3. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: MCDB 108A, 110, 126B, 126C, 133, 134, EEMB 164

   4. Ecology: EEMB 120, 138, 139, 140, 142A

   5. Evolution: EEMB 108, 109 (or Geology 148), 113-113L, 131 (or Geology 121), 135, 136-136L (or Geology 111-111L), 137 (or Geology 141), 139

   6. Diversity of Form and Function: EEMB 106, 107, 111, 112, 113-113L, 115, 116, 134; MCDB 131, 137

   7. Laboratory: Either one of the underlined courses from sections 1-6 above or one of the following: MCDB 101L, 103L, 109L, 112L, 126AL (or EEMB 126AL), 126BL, 131L, 132L, 133L, 140L; EEMB 107L, 120AL-BL, 140L, 143L, 148L, 164L, 164S, 170

3. Electives: Additional upper-division courses offered within the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology to bring the total to 48 units.

Bachelor of Science--Cell and Developmental Biology

Modern cell and developmental biology brings together a diverse group of disciplines and technologies linked by the common goals of understanding the nature and behavior of cells and how these cells work together to assemble an organism. Whereas some cell and developmental biologists may concentrate on the role that one particular molecule plays within cells, others study the way that many different molecules assemble into structures such as chromosomes or the nucleus, while others may examine how groups of cells interact to form systems of greater complexity, ultimately leading to the progression of a fertilized egg through the many stages of development to form an adult organism. The range of instruments and methods employed by cell and developmental biologists is equally diverse, including recombinant DNA technology, biochemistry, cell culture, genetics, light and electron microscopy, and many others.

The course requirements for the major in cell and developmental biology reflect the diversity within the field. Upper-division coursework includes work in genetics, cell biology, developmental biology (students may choose from among animal, plant, and neuronal development), biochemistry, and additional electives, including extensive laboratory experience. The major is designed to prepare students for graduate training in a wide range of molecular, cellular and developmental biology disciplines; medical, dental, nursing, optometry, and other health-related professions; and employment in the public or private sector (such as biotechnology) research communities.

Students are not admitted directly into the cell and developmental biology major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling the pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL, 6A-B and 109A-B-C; Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B, and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 or Mathematics 3C; Physics 6A-AL-B-BL-C-CL.

Upper-division major. Forty-eight units, distributed as follows:

Note: No more than 16 total units may be applied to the major from outside the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183, 184, MCDB 121, 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 8 units of the following courses combined will apply to the major: EEMB 185-199, MCDB 185-199.

A. Genetics: MCDB 101A-B

B. Biochemistry: MCDB 108A-B-C

C. Cell Biology: MCDB 103

D. Developmental Biology: Two courses from: MCDB 112, 115, 118,

E-1. One course from: MCDB 103L, 112L, 120L

E-2. One course or course sequence from: MCDB 101L, 109L, 126A-AL, 126B-BL, 132-132L, 133-133L, 140L

F. Electives: Additional upper-division courses offered within the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology to bring unit total to 48 units.

Bachelor of Science--Microbiology

Microbiology has been and continues to be at the forefront in contributing to human welfare and to our understanding of the basic mechanisms of life processes. Three concentrations in microbiology are available.

General microbiology will provide the student with a broad knowledge of both procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms. Such a background will form the basis for understanding the relationships between the various groups of microorganisms and their environment and the relationship of those microorganisms to human welfare. This program will stress the contribution of microbiology to our understanding of basic life processes, and will provide a background for careers in food, industrial, marine, and pharmacological microbiology, and for graduate work in microbiology.

Biomedical sciences, in addition to providing a basic training in microbiology, will also provide a specialized background for students whose careers lie in the fields of medical technology and for those who wish to pursue graduate work in medical or clinical microbiology.

Genetic engineering, in addition to providing a basic training in microbiology, will provide specialized training in the methodology of recombinant DNA research. This area of research is paving the way for a fundamental understanding of the nature of the eucaryotic gene and its regulation. It is also ushering in a revolution in the pharmaceutical industry in the production of hormones and other biologically useful agents.

Students are not admitted directly into the microbiology major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL; Chemistry 6A-6B and 109A-B-C ; Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 or Mathematics 3C; Physics 6A-AL-B-BL-C-CL.

Upper-division major. Forty-nine upper-division units required, distributed as follows: MCDB 101A-B, 108A-B-C, 131-131L, 132-132L, 133 (133L strongly recommended), 134, 135, plus 4 units from the following: MCDB 108AH, 108AL, 133L, 138, 139, 140L, 199; EEMB 111, 134. No more than 2 units of MCDB 199 can be applied. Students are encouraged to select their elective courses from within one of the tracks below.

1. General Microbiology: EEMB 134 and MCDB 108AL, 133L, 138

2. Bio-Medical Sciences: MCDB 108AL, 133L, 138, 139 and EEMB 111

3. Genetic Engineering: MCDB 108AL, 133L, 140L

Bachelor of Science-Pharmacology

The emphasis in this major is on pharmacology as a basic science, rather than on the therapeutic principles of pharmacology. The curriculum content is designed to prepare students for careers in pharmaceutical research-and-development laboratories; the program also provides a strong background for graduate study in pharmacology.

Students are not admitted directly into the pharmacology major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling the pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL; Chemistry 6A-B and 109A-B-C; Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 or Mathematics 3C or Psychology 5; Physics 6A-AL-6B-BL-6C-CL.

Upper-division major. Fifty upper-division units, distributed as follows:

Note: No more than 16 total units may be taken outside the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. Courses that are cross-listed between MCDB and other departments do not count towards the 16-unit maximum. Instructor approval required prior to enrollment in psychology courses.

1. Pharmacology: MCDB 126A-AL-B-BL-C

2. Biochemistry: MCDB 108A-B-C or Chemistry 142A-B-C

3. Genetics: MCDB 101A-B

4. Additional courses from the following to bring the total upper-division units in the major to 50. MCDB 103, 108AL, 109L, 111, 112, 112L, 114, 115, 123, 131, 131L, 132, 132L, 133, 133L, 134, 135, 139, 140L, 145, 186, 187, 192, 197, 198, 199; EEMB 111, 126MM, 154, 155, 156, 160, 164, 164L, 164S; Chemistry 162, 181; Psychology 115, 133, 134, 137. Note: A maximum of 4 units of the following courses allowed: MCDB 185-199.

Students are encouraged to select their elective courses from within one of these tracks:

1. Molecular and Cellular Biology: MCDB 108AL, 112, 112L, 114, 115, 131, 131L, 132, 132L, 133, 133L, 134, 135, 139, 140L; EEMB 126MM, 144

2. Biochemical Pharmacology: MCDB 108AL, 109L, 145, Chemistry 162, 181, EEMB 126MM, 164, 164L, 164S

3. Neurobiology and Behavior: MCDB 114, 115, Psychology 115, 133A, 133B, 137

4. Physiology and Development: MCDB 111, 112, 112L, 114, 115; EEMB 111, 154, 155, 156

Graduate Program

Graduate-level research in the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB) spans a wide range of topics including biochemistry, cell biology, cell physiology, developmental biology, gene regulation, genetics, immunology, microbiology, molecular marine biology, neurobiology, pharmacology, plant molecular biology, plant physiology, and virology. The department offers graduate studies leading to the master of arts and doctor of philosophy degrees in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology. Candidates for graduate degrees must meet university degree requirements found in the section, "Graduate Education at UCSB," as well as departmental requirements.

Admission

In addition to fulfilling university requirements for admission to graduate status described in the section, "Graduate Education at UCSB," the applicant will normally hold a bachelor's degree in biology or a biological specialty area (such as biochemistry, cell and developmental biology, microbiology, molecular biology, physiology, or genetics). Undergraduate class work should include one year each of general biology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, calculus, and physics. Upper-division courses should include biochemistry, genetics, and additional specialized electives relevant to preparation for graduate work in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology.

Applicants with strong undergraduate records who lack some of the preparatory class work listed above may be admitted with the condition that they complete the necessary coursework early in their graduate careers.

The general test (verbal, quantitative, and analytical) of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is required of all applicants. One of the three following subject tests is also required: biochemistry, cell and molecular biology; biology; or chemistry.

Applicants whose native language is not English are required to take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Exceptions to this requirement will be considered for those students who have completed an undergraduate or graduate education at an institution whose primary language of instruction is English. The minimum score for consideration is 610 when taking the paper-based test or 253 when taking the computer-based test, taken within two years of their application to UCSB.

Applications for admission must be received by January 5. Further details on admission to the MCDB graduate programs can be seen on the website at lifesci.ucsb.edu/MCDB.

Requirements for the M.A.

A candidate for the master's degree must fulfill, in addition to general university requirements, the minimum lower- and upper-division requirements or their equivalents for the major in their field of emphasis. Students admitted with deficiencies must remedy them early in their graduate studies.

Two plans are available. Plan 1 (thesis) program requirements: (1) a research thesis; (2) MCDB 220A-B-C, 223, 225, 229, 230, 235, and BMSE 205A (students must receive an average of a B or better in these core course modules given each quarter. However, students who receive a D or F must retake that module.); (3) a minimum or 30 units of upper-division and graduate coursework in the department. Courses outside the department may be substituted upon written approval of the graduate advisor.

Plan 2 (examination) program requirements: (1) MCDB 220A-B-C, 223, 225, 229, 230, 235, and BMSE 205A (students must receive an average of a B or better in these core course modules given each quarter. However, students who receive a D or F must retake that module; (2) at least two additional MCDB graduate lecture courses; and (3) a total of at least 36 units of MCDB graduate lecture courses and literature courses. Up to 6 units of MCDB 596 research coursework may count toward this total. Certain graduate lecture courses in the Interdepartmental BMSE program may be used as well (BMSE 242, 245, 246, 254, 256A, 256B). Upper-division undergraduate lecture courses may also count toward the degree with the approval of the graduate advisor. Units in the following courses may not be counted toward the degree: MCDB 260, 262, 263, 269, 290, 500, 501, 502, and 595. Students are expected to sign up for these seminars: MCDB 260, 262, 263.

Participation in the departmental research seminar program is expected of all MCDB graduate students.

Students admitted to the M.A.-only program may petition to transfer into a Ph.D. program on the basis of compelling justification. Petitions will be acted upon by the appropriate admissions committee, and admission to the Ph.D. program will be based on the same criteria applied to applications from other entering Ph.D. students. Successful transfer from M.A. to Ph.D. program will also depend on satisfactory progress in all graduate courses and written support by at least three faculty members. If the petition is approved, the student should consult with the appropriate graduate advisor regarding Ph.D. program requirements.

Students admitted to M.A./Ph.D. programs may petition the graduate committee to drop the M.A. requirements after a minimum of two quarters of graduate study. Petitions will be acted upon by the graduate advisor following review by the graduate committee, and action on such petitions will be contingent upon satisfactory progress in the graduate core courses and the written support of at least two faculty members. As with all other Ph.D. students, continuation in the Ph.D. program is also contingent upon the successful completion of two qualifying examinations, each consisting of a written research proposition followed by an oral defense of the proposition.

Requirements for the Ph.D.

Candidates for the degree of doctor of philosophy must normally have the bachelor's degree in biological sciences, with a preparation deemed equivalent to that required for the bachelor's degree from UCSB. Students who are admitted to graduate standing with deficiencies in preparation will be required to take appropriate undergraduate courses.

The following unified requirements, in addition to the dissertation, apply to all students entering the Ph.D. program: (1) students must pass two qualifying examinations, each consisting of a written research proposition followed by an oral defense of the proposition. These examinations will normally be taken at the beginning of the second and third years of graduate study, respectively. The first proposition will deal with an area of molecular and cell biology distinct from the student's anticipated dissertation research, while the second proposition will be focused on the student's dissertation project; (2) the student must pass the graduate core course sequence (MCDB 220A-B-C, 223, 225, 229, 230, 235, and BMSE 205A. Students must receive an average of a B or better in the core course modules given each quarter. However students who receive a D or F must retake that module. Students are also required to take the following courses:

The MCDB proposal-preparation course (MCDB 221)

At least one additional graduate lecture course of the 200 series (not including seminar or literature courses);

MCDB 260 (faculty research seminar) each quarter;

MCDB 262 (student/postdoctoral research program) each quarter;

MCDB 263 (visiting seminar speaker program) each quarter;

Two graduate literature seminars (from the MCDB 260 series other than 260, 262, and 263; or the 595 seriesGroup Studies; excluding any laboratory group meetings that may carry a course designation) each year, until formal advancement to Ph.D. candidacy; Departmental T.A. orientation/practice/technique courses (MCDB 500, 501, 502), two quarters of T.A. service being a degree requirement.

All doctoral candidates must qualify for and hold a teaching assistantship for the equivalent of two quarters as part of the preparation for the Ph.D. degree. All doctoral students who are supported wholly or in part by institutional funds (including university fellowships, teaching assistantships, traineeships, etc.) are expected to complete three one-quarter laboratory rotations during their first year of study. For first-year students supported entirely by faculty research grants, three rotations are not mandatory but are highly recommended.

Laboratory rotations serve two purposes: (1) students learn first-hand about research efforts in several different areas, thus broadening a student's research perspective; and (2) they allow students and mentors to match up so that a research advisor may be selected. Each laboratory rotation consists of 3 units of MCDB 596 under the instruction of the appropriate faculty member. Although, in principle, this translates into a minimum commitment of 15 hours per week in the research laboratory, research is the core of doctoral training and it is assumed that students will devote much more than this to their research efforts during rotations. Grades will be assigned according to the Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U) grading system, on the basis of a laboratory meeting presentation or a written summary of the student's laboratory experience, at the faculty member's discretion, and a summary of the student's laboratory performance, written by the faculty member, will be placed in the student's permanent academic file. Students in the MCDB program may rotate in both MCDB and BMSE faculty laboratories.

Doctoral students take two qualifying examinations administered by the department, complete a doctoral dissertation under the general supervision of a committee, and defend their dissertation in a final oral examination. With the approval of the candidate's doctoral committee, a scheduled departmental seminar may be substituted in lieu of the final examination.

Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Biomolecular Science and Engineering
For details see catalog entry under Biomolecular Science and Engineering.

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Lower Division

1A. Introductory Biology I
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Chemistry 1A-B, and concurrent enrollment in Chemistry 1C; or a score of 4 or better on either the Advanced Placement Chemistry or Advanced Placement Biology examinations.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4A or MCDB 4A or 5A. Lecture, 4 hours.
Introduction to biochemistry, cell biology and development, and genetics. (F,S)

1AL. Introductory Biology Laboratory I
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: MCDB 1A (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4A or MCDB 4A or 5AL. Laboratory, 3 hours.
Laboratory investigations illustrate basic principles of biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, development, and genetics. (F)

1AZ. Selected Topics from MCDB 1A
(1-3) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of department.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4AZ or MCDB 4AZ or 5AZ. Lecture, 1-4 hours.
Designed for transfer students who have completed part of MCDB 1A through transfer work. Topics will be selected by the department, as appropriate, to fulfill the introductory biology requirement at UCSB. (F)

1B. Introductory Biology IIPhysiology
(3) Staff
Prerequisite: MCDB 1A; and Chemistry 1A-B-C.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4B or EEMB 4B or 5B or MCDB 4B or 5B. Lecture, 3 hours.
Introduction to animal and plant physiology. (W)

1BL. Introductory Biology Laboratory II
(1) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, concurrent enrollment in MCDB 1B and EEMB 2.
Same course as EEMB 2L. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4B or EEMB 4B or 5BL or MCDB 4B or 5BL. Laboratory, 3 hours.
Laboratory investigations illustrate basic principles of animal and plant physiology, ecology, and evolution. (W)

1BZ. Selected Topics from MCDB 1B
(1-2) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of department.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4BZ or EEMB 4BZ or 5BZ or MCDB 4BZ or 5BZ. Lecture, 1-4 hours.
Designed for transfer students who have completed part of MCDB 1B through transfer work. Topics are selected by the department, as appropriate, to fulfill the introductory biology requirement at UCSB. (W)

4FS. Freshman Seminar
(1) Staff
Same course as EEMB 4FS. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4FS.
Selected topics of special interest designed to display the broad diversity of the biological sciences. This course is strongly recommended for freshmen and/or prospective majors within the biological sciences. (F)

5DK. Freshman SeminarLet's Talk
(1) Kohl
Prerequisite: lower-division standing.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Interdisciplinary Studies 94S. Seminar, 1 hour.
Informal discussions on topics in biomedical ethics. Topics will include recombinant DNA technology, AIDS, euthanasia, abortion, doctor-patient relationships. (F,W,S)

20. Concepts of Biology
(4) Staff
Same course as EEMB 20. Not open for credit toward graduation to students who have completed Natural Science 1C. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 20, or Biology 4A-B-C; or MCDB 1A-AL, EEMB 2-2L or MCDB 1B-BL, or EEMB 3-3L. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Unifying principles of biology; cell structure, functions, and energy relations; cybernetics, natural selection, evolution; reproduction and the principles of genetics and development; nature and growth of populations. (S)

21. The Immune System and AIDS
(4) Eardley
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 21. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
The basic properties of the immune system; the basic biology of AIDS and AIDS virus infection; and the biology of other sexually transmitted
diseases. (W,S)

22. Biotechnology and Society
(4) Staff
Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Introduction to modern genetic technology, such as gene cloning and DNA fingerprinting, applications such as genetic engineering of food and medicine, genetic screening, and forensic genetics. Social impacts and ethical implications of these applications. (W)

23. Biology of Cancer
(3) Kohl
Lecture, 3 hours.
An introduction to developments regarding the etiology and treatment of various cancers. Lectures compare normal cells and tissues with those which have become malignant. Discussion of causes, treatment, and prevention of specific cancers. (W)

24. Genetics and Human Disease
(3) Kohl
Lecture, 3 hours
Introduction to genetics with emphasis on humans. Topics focus on human diseases with strong evidence for genetic components. Diseases covered include cancer, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's, muscular dystrophy, and others. (S)

25. Human Anatomy
(4) Wise
Same course as EEMB 25. Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 25. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Emphasis on fundamental structural and functional approaches of organ systems based on the human organism. Discussion of modern biomedical advances, techniques, and current topics in relation to their respective systems. (F,W)

25L. Laboratory in Human Anatomy
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: EEMB 25 or MCDB 25 (may be taken concurrently).
Same course as EEMB 25L. Lecture, 2 hours; Laboratory, 4 hours.
Emphasis on fundamental structural and functional approaches of organ systems based on the human organism. Discussion of modern biomedical advances, techniques, and current topics in relation to their respective systems. (S)

90A. Honors Forum in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology
(2) Kohl
Prerequisites: honors standing in College of Letters and Science; consent of instructor. Seminar, 2 hours.
Seminar for selected students in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology. Students will be introduced to research opportunities in the department. Focus will center on the use of the science library and the Internet as tools to produce a basic research paper. (F)

90B. Honors Forum in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology
(2) Kohl
Prerequisites: honors standing in College of Letters and Science; consent of instructor. Seminar, 2 hours.
Continuation of MCDB 90A. Students are introduced to various faculty in the department and begin reading and reviewing some of the original literature in the field. Students are expected to critically analyze basic research papers. (W)

90C. Honors Forum in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology
(2) Kohl
Prerequisites: honors standing in College of Letters and Science; consent of instructor. Seminar, 2 hours.
Continuation of MCDB 90B. Students meet with selected faculty in a defined area of research interest, attend various research seminars and laboratory meetings, and begin involving themselves with a research group. (S)

91A. Biological Aspects of Health and Disease I
(2) Kohl
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 91A. Seminar, 2 hours; discussion, 2 hours.
Focus on the treatment and prevention of common upper respiratory infections and coronary heart disease. Health professionals teach blood pressure measurement and throat culture skills. Students required to demonstrate patient educator skills. (F,W,S)

91B. Biological Aspects of Health and Disease II
(2) Kohl
Prerequisites: MCDB 91A; consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 91B. Seminar, 1 hour; field, 5 hours.
Seminars emphasize the analysis and delivery of health information, elaborating upon topics initiated in MCDB 91A. Field placement is within Student Health Services as a patient educator in the Cold Care Clinic. Focusing upon upper respiratory infections, students will be required to take throat cultures. (F,W,S)

91C. Biological Aspects of Health and Disease III
(2) Kohl
Prerequisites: MCDB 91A; consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 91C. Lecture, 1 hour; field, 5 hours.
Seminars emphasize the analysis and delivery of health information, elaborating upon topics initiated in MCDB 91A. Field placement is within Student Health Services as a patient educator in the Heart Care Clinic. Focusing upon prevention of cardiovascular disease, students will take blood pressure measurements. (F,W,S)

91D. Biological Aspects of Health and Disease IV
(1) Kohl
Prerequisites: MCDB 91A; consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 2 units. Lecture, 1 hour; field, 2 hours.
Seminars emphasize the analysis and delivery of health information, elaborating upon topics initiated in MCDB 91A. Field placement includes the provision of health information to student groups outside of Student Health Service, i.e. residence halls, organized groups, etc. (F,W.S)

92. Special Topics in Biology
(1-4) Staff
May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 4 units. Lecture, 1-4 hours; discussion, 0-1 hours.
Special topics in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology. Course content varies. Information may be obtained in department office.

98. Readings in Biology
(1-3) Staff
Prerequisites: consent of instructor and department.
Students must have a minimum 3.0 cumulative grade-point average and are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 98/99/198/199/199DC/199RA courses combined. Students are limited to 6 units of Biology 98 and MCDB 98 combined. Tutorial, 1 hour.
Special readings on selected topics in biology. Individual conferences one hour every week. Designed to broaden the outlook and experience of advanced lower-division students. Hours and credit by arrangement with any member of the staff.

99. Introduction to Research
(1-3) Staff
Prerequisites: consent of instructor and department.
Students must have a minimum 3.0 cumulative grade-point average and are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 98/99/198/199/199DC/199RA courses combined. Students are limited to 6 units of Biology 99 and MCDB 99 combined. Tutorial, 3-9 hours.
Laboratory experience for advanced lower-division students. Hours and credit by arrangement with any member of the staff.

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Upper Division

Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better (unless otherwise noted) is required for all upper-division courses.

101A. Molecular Genetics I: Prokaryotes
(4) Low, Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-B; EEMB 2; and Chemistry 1A-B-C. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
From the double helix and genetic code to the latest breakthroughs. Structure, function, evolution and manipulation of DNA, RNA. Replication, expression, recombination, complementation and their regulation in prokaryotes (bacteria, plasmids, viruses). Recombinant DNA technology in medicine, research, agriculture, and industry. (F,W,SS)

101B. Molecular Genetics II: Eukaryotes
(4) Poole, Christoffersen
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and MCDB 101A. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 130B. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Mendelian and molecular genetics. Replication, recombination, transmission and expression of DNA in eukaryotic organisms from yeast to man. Uses of traditional genetics and modern molecular techniques, including molecular genetic approaches to the study of human disease. (W,S,SS)

101L. Molecular Genetics Laboratory
(3) Christoffersen, Finkelstein
Prerequisite: MCDB 101A-B or EEMB 129; MCDB 101B (may be taken concurrently). Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better. Laboratory, 8 hours.
Current molecular techniques used to study model genetic systems such as humans, Drosophila, C. elegans, yeast and Arabidopsis. Techniques include DNA extraction and analysis using PCR, restriction endonucleases, gel electrophoresis, DNA transformation and hybridization, computer analysis of genetic mapping data, and microscopy. (not offered 2002-03)

103. Cell Biology
(4) Clegg
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 137. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An introduction to the structure and function of cell organelles: membranes, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, microbodies, microtubules, cilia, centrioles, and microfilaments. (W)

103L. Laboratory in Molecular Cell Biology
(3) Clegg
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and MCDB 103 (may be taken concurrently). Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 137L. Laboratory, 6 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Laboratory techniques of modern cell biology; molecular dissection of cell structure and
function. (W)

108A. General Biochemistry
(4) Sears
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; Chemistry 1A-B-C; and Chemistry 109A-B-C. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 108A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Chemistry of proteins; enzymic catalysis. (F)

108AH. General Biochemistry­Honors
(1) Sears
Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in MCDB 108A or 108AL; consent of instructor. Discussion, 2 hours.
Honors component of MCDB 108A designed to permit an in-depth consideration of selected aspects of the structure/function relationships of proteins and nucleic acids. (F)

108AL. Biochemistry Computer Laboratory
(2) Sears
Prerequisite: MCDB 108A (may be taken concurrently).
Recommended preparation: Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B. Lecture, 1 hour; laboratory, 2 hours.
Computer laboratory analysis of biochemical structures and the dynamics of their interactions with other molecules. (F)

108B. General Biochemistry
(4) Lew
Prerequisite: MCDB 108A with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 108B. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Cellular biochemistry; metabolic pathways responsible for the generation of cellular energy and the biosynthesis of, and localization of, cellular components; biochemistry of transmembrane signaling and cancer; metabolic regulatory mechanisms. (W)

108C. General Biochemistry
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 108A-B both with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 108C. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Chemistry and metabolism of nucleic acids; nucleotide metabolism; biochemical aspects of chromosome structure, replication, and function. (S)

109L. Laboratory in Biochemistry
(4) Poole
Prerequisites: MCDB 108A or Chemistry 142A; and, MCDB 1A; and, EEMB 2 or MCDB 1B. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 109L. Laboratory, 6 hours; tutorial, 6 hours.
Laboratory techniques in biochemistry. Emphasis on techniques used in modern protein and nucleic acid biochemical research. Includes aspects of the use of computer analysis and recombinant DNA techniques in modern biochemistry. (S)

110. Principles of Biochemistry
(4) Rothman
Prerequisites: Chemistry 1A-B-C; and, Chemistry 109A-B-C. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not for specialized majors in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology, physiology, or students who have completed Biology 108A-B-C or MCDB 108A-B-C. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 118. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An introduction to molecular structures and mechanisms of living systems. (W)

111. Introduction to Physiology
(4) Smith
Prerequisite: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 100. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Structural and functional characteristics of membranes in relation to cellular communication. Study of the electrical properties of the hormonal visceral motor pathways of the central nervous system and some neural and hormonal visceral motor pathways. (W)

112. Developmental Biology
(4) Foltz
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and, EEMB 3 and MCDB 101A. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 100. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Modern aspects of animal development. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of embryogenesis. (W)

112L. Laboratory in Developmental Biology
(2) Foltz
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and, EEMB 3 and MCDB 101A; and concurrent enrollment in MCDB 112. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 100L. Laboratory, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Modern laboratory techniques in developmental biology. Experimental approaches to development using several animal model systems. (W)

114. Neurobiology I
(4) Vandenburg, Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and, EEMB 3. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 105. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Properties of the nervous system ranging from single cells to the whole organism, using examples from vertebrates and invertebrates studied in terms of morphology, physiology, and behavior. (F)

115. Developmental Neurobiology: A Molecular and Cellular Perspective
(4) Feinstein
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3; and, MCDB 101A or EEMB 129. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 106. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
The course begins with fertilization and moves through sequential stages in the development of the nervous system, including cell migration and differentiation, axon outgrowth and pathfinding, programmed cell death, synaptogenesis, learning, memory, neurodegenerative conditions and current strategies for neuronal regeneration. (S)

117. Plant Physiology
(4) Cooper
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and, Chemistry 109A-B-C. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 110 or Botany 120. Offered spring, odd-numbered years. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Exploration of the function of higher plants, including transport, photosynthesis, hormonal regulation, stress tolerance, and plant-microbe interactions. (not offered 2002-03)

118. Plant Development
(4) Finkelstein
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and, MCDB 101A or EEMB 129. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 112 or Botany 111. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Differentiation and morphogenesis of plants: mechanisms of control by genetic and environmental factors, plant growth regulators, and cell-cell interactions. (S)

119. Plant Molecular Biology
(3) Christoffersen, Cooper, Finkelstein
Prerequisites: MCDB 108A-B-C or 110; and MCDB 101A-B. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open to students who have completed Biology 115. Lecture, 3 hours.
The molecular biology of vascular plants. Emphasis on the molecular mechanisms by which external and internal factors control development. Plant-microbe interactions and practical applications of transgenic plants will also be considered. (not offered 2002-03)

120L. Laboratory in Plant Physiology and Development
(3) Cooper, Finkelstein
Prerequisite: MCDB 118 or MCDB 117 (may be taken concurrently).
Not open to students who have completed Botany 112L. Laboratory, 8 hours.
Experiments using classical and molecular approaches to plant physiology and development. (not offered 2002-03)

121. Ethics of Biomedical Technology
(3) Kohl
MCDB and EEMB majors cannot get major credit for course. Lecture, 2 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An interdisciplinary approach to questions raised by advances in biotechnology including advances in human reproduction, definitions of "human life," the right to die, organ transplantation and donation, and animal rights. Discussants will include biologists, ethicists, and religious leaders. (F)

123. Experimental Strategies in Physical Biochemistry
(4) Waite
Prerequisite: MCDB 108A with a grade of C or better. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Presentation of selected contemporary concepts and methodologies for determining the structure, size, shape, charge, and interactive behavior of biological macromolecules. (S)

126A. Basic Pharmacology
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A (may be taken concurrently) or Chemistry 142C; and, Chemistry 109A-B-C. Completion of all prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 126A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Designed to provide the student with a comprehensive knowledge of the history and scope of pharmacology as a basic science. Emphasis on the principles of drug action and the relationship of pharmacology to physiology, chemistry, and biochemistry. (F)

126AL. Pharmacology Lab I
(4) Edwards
Prerequisite: MCDB 126A (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 126AL. Laboratory, 9 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Analysis of drug sites and mechanisms of action using isolated tissues, organs, and intact animal preparations. (F)

126B. Basic Pharmacology
(4) Vandenburg
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A or Chemistry 142C; and, Chemistry 109A-B-. Completion of all prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 119B.
Recommended preparation: MCDB 108A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Receptor signaling mechanisms; pharmacology of neurotransmitter and hormone receptors; molecular and cellular mechanisms of drug-receptor interactions. (W)

126BL. Pharmacology Laboratory II
(4) Vandenburg
Prerequisite: MCDB 126B (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 119BL. Laboratory, 9 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An introduction to molecular and biochemical techniques in pharmacology; drug-receptor binding; receptor isolation; pharmacokinetics; techniques to evaluate potency, concentration and effects of hormones and their receptors. (W)

126C. Basic Pharmacology
(4) Wilson
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A or Chemistry 142C; and, Chemistry 109A-B-C. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 119C.
Recommended preparation: MCDB 108A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Fundamental principles of pharmacology, drug-receptor theory, biochemical mechanisms of action of drugs. (S)

131. General Microbiology
(4) Cooper, Cotter
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A (may be taken concurrently); and, Chemistry 109A-B-C, or Chemistry 109A-B and MCDB 110. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 104 or 104A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An introduction to the biological properties of microorganisms; the historical foundations of the field of microbiology; a study of the major groups of microorganisms, their structure, physiology, cultivation, and pathogenicity. (F)

131L. Laboratory in General Microbiology
(2) Staff
Prerequisite: MCDB 131 (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 104 or 104L. Laboratory, 6 hours.
Laboratory experiments dealing with the isolation, cultivation, and physiological, biochemical and genetic analysis of diverse microorganisms. (F)

132. Bacterial Pathogenesis
(3) Mahan
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A with a grade of C or better; and, concurrent enrollment in MCDB 132L.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 128.
Recommended preparation: MCDB 131. Lecture, 3 hours.
The mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens cause disease. Investigation of the bacterial gene products that are produced during infection to understand the metabolic, physiological, and genetic factors that contribute to the virulence of bacterial pathogens. (W)

132L. Bacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory
(3) Mahan
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in MCDB 132.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 128L. Laboratory, 6 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
The latest molecular, biochemical, and genetic techniques available for the identification of microbial gene products that contribute to infection. Study of the regulatory parameters that govern their expression. (W)

133. Molecular and Cellular Immunobiology
(5) Sears
Prerequisite: MCDB 101A with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 123. Lecture, 4 hours; discussion, 1 hours.
Introduction to the current concepts of immunology. Emphasis on immunoglobulin structure and function, cell-cell cooperation in the immune response, and the role of the major histocompatibility complex and cytokines in regulating immune responsiveness. (W)

133H. ImmunobiologyHonors
(1) Sears
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in MCDB 133. Discussion, 2 hours.
Honors component of MCDB 133 focusing on selected aspects of the immune system and its components using a web browser to run interactive computer assignments. (W)

133L. Molecular and Cellular Immunobiology Lab
(3) Eardley
Prerequisite: MCDB 133 with a grade of C or better (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 123L. Laboratory, 6 hours.
Introduction to modern laboratory methods in immunology; properties and characterization of immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin-secreting cells; introduction to hybridoma technology; characterization of effector and regulatory T cells using functional assays. (S)

134. General Animal Virology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: MCDB 101A or EEMB 129 with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 122. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An introduction to the biology of animal viruses with emphasis on the biochemical and biophysical properties of viruses; the mechanisms by which animal viruses replicate; the cellular effects of and response to viral infection; and selected aspects of medical virology. (S)

134H. General Animal Virology-Honors
(2) Samuel
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A and 134 both with a grade of C or better; consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 122H. Lecture, 1 hour; discussion, 1 hour.
Honors virology course designed to permit an in-depth consideration of selected aspects of the biology of animal viruses; the mechanisms by which animal viruses replicate; and the cellular effects of and response to viral infection. (Not offered 2002-03)

135. Cellular Growth Control and Oncogenesis
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A-B both with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 138. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Focus on mechanisms of growth control in eukaryotes. Topics include: the properties of mammalian cells in culture and how they relate to malignant cells, growth factors and their receptors, cell cycle control, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. (F)

136H. Cytokine Action and Viral Pathogenesis
(2) Samuel
Prerequisites: MCDB 101B and 134. Lecture, 1 hour; discussion, 1 hour.
Honors virology course designed to permit an in-depth consideration of selected aspects of the mechanisms of action of cytokines, with emphasis on the antiviral properties of interferons and their roles in host response to viral infection and viral pathogenesis. (Not offered 2002-03)

138. Medical Immunology
(4) Sears
Prerequisite: MCDB 133 with a grade of C or better. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory, 2 hours.
Interplay between the immune system and human disease is mechanistically evaluated by examining protective immunity against parasites and cancer, and immune dysfunction in transplantation, allergic, and autoimmune diseases, and AIDS. Computer exercises evaluate medical, case-based studies of human immune disorders. (S)

139. Medical Microbiology
(4) Eardley
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 129. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Study of the characteristics of bacteria and viruses, both pathogenic and adventitious, as they are associated with diseases of humans. (F)

140L. Recombinant DNA Methods
(4) Smith
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A-B and 110; or, MCDB 101A-B and 108A-B; and, concurrent enrollment in MCDB 108C. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 132. Laboratory, 6 hours; tutorial, 6 hours.
Basic techniques in molecular cloning. Screening of recombinant cDNA libraries, polymerase chain reaction, restriction endonucleases, gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, nucleic acid hybridization. (S)

145. Macromolecules from Marine Organisms
(4) Waite
Prerequisite: MCDB 108A with a grade of C or better.
Structure/function relationships in interesting macromolecules isolated from marine organisms. Focus will be on well-characterized pathways from horseshoe crabs, abalones, mussels, and fish as well as others. (F)

149. Mariculture for the 21st Century: Research Frontiers
(4) Chapman, Collins, Staff
Prerequisite: upper-division standing.
Same course as EEMB 149. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 149. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Recent progress and new directions in research increasing production of valuable marine animals, plants and microorganisms. Control of reproduction, development, growth and disease in marine species; problems encountered in commercializing production; regional and biological solutions; the role of modern biotechnology. (S)

167. Advanced Topics in Immunobiology
(2) Sears
Prerequisite: MCDB 133 with a grade of C or better; and consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 124. Seminar, 2 hours
Discussion of an advanced topic in immunology during a weekly two-hour roundtable seminar. Students write and present a critique of a recent immunological publication. (Not offered 2002-03)

182. Introduction to Health Care Delivery
(2) Kohl
Prerequisites: upper-division standing.
Students must have a minimum 3.0 grade-point average. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 191. Lecture, 1 hour; laboratory, 3 hours.
Course conducted at UCSB and Santa Barbara Medical Foundation Clinic involves a series of lectures by UCSB faculty and Clinic physicians discussing health care delivery. Students also spend three hours per week "on call" with medical or surgical specialist at Clinic or hospital. (F,W,S)

183. Introduction to Teaching in Biology
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing; consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 5 units in combination with EEMB 183 but no units may be applied toward the major.
Students will assist instructor in teaching course in which the student previously received a grade of A- or better. Activities will be determined in consultation with the instructor and may include leading discussion, laboratory, or tutorial section(s), attending lectures and grading exams.

184. Internship in Biological Sciences
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: upper division standing; consent of instructor and department.
Students must have a 2.5 cumulative grade-point average. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 15 units, but no units may be applied toward the major (except Aquatic Biology. See restrictions in major narrative). Field, 5-25 hours.
Opportunity to obtain practical biological related research experience by working under faculty direction as an intern with local, state, federal, or private agencies. A written report will be submitted for evaluation.

186. Research Colloquium in Biological Sciences
(1) Samuel, Kohl
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3. Completion of all listed prerequisites with a grade of C or better.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 195 and BMB 171 to a maximum of 3 units.
Lectures by UCSB faculty from various departments focused on their current research in a variety of biological disciplines. (F,W,S)

187. Pharmacology Colloquia
(1) Jacobs, Wilson
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Same course as EEMB 187. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 4 units, but only 2 units may be applied toward the major. Seminar, 1 hour.
Lectures on active research programs in pharmacology in the federal, state, and private research sectors. (W,S)

188. Literature in Plant Molecular Biology
(1) Christoffersen, Cooper, Finkelstein
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 168. Seminar, 1 hour.
Critical reading and presentation of the current literature in plant molecular biology, cell biology and development.

192. Special Topics
(1-4) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing in EEMB or MCDB and consent of instructor or department.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 192 and EEMB 192. Maximum units for credit in major: 8 for B.S.; 4 for B.A. Lecture, 1 to 4 hours.
Special topics of current importance in biological sciences. Course content will vary. Information may be obtained in department office.

194AA-ZZ. Group Studies for Advanced Students
(2) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing and consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 194AA-ZZ and EEMB 194AA-ZZ to a maximum of 8 units. Individual letter designations may be repeated for credit to a maximum of 4 units. Maximum units for credit in major: 8 for BS; 4 for BA. See also credit limits with other courses in description of major requirements. Seminar, 2 hours.
Oral reports by students.
A-B. Biochemistry-Molecular Biology: Staff
BC. Biochemistry-Molecular Biology: Cooper
BG. Bacterial Genetics: Low
DM. Molecular Marine Biology and Marine Biotechnology: Morse
DS. Molecular and Cellular Immunology: Sears
DV. Developmental Biology: Smith
EO. Genetics: Orias
MP. Microbial Pathogenesis: Mahan
RF. Plant Development Genetics: Finkelstein
V. Mycology: Ross
X. Cell Biology: Foltz

197. Directed Studies
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing; a major within MCDB; completion of two prior upper-division courses in MCDB or EEMB; consent of instructor and department.
Students must have a minimum grade-point average of 2.5 in upper-division major courses and are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 197/198/199/199DC/199RA courses combined. Maximum units for credit defined on major sheets. See also credit limits with other courses in description of major requirements. Tutorial, 1-5 hours; laboratory, 5-25 hours.
Hours and credit by arrangement with any faculty member.

198. Directed Readings
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing; a major within MCDB; completion of two prior upper-division courses in MCDB or EEMB; consent of instructor and department.
Students must have a minimum grade-point average of 3.0 in upper-division major courses and are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 197/198/199/199DC/199RA courses combined. Maximum units for credit in major: 8 for BS; 4 for BA. See also credit limits with other courses in description of major requirements. Tutorial, 1-5 hours.
Individual conferences one hour every two weeks. Special readings designed to broaden the outlook of students and to knit into a cohesive whole the basic principles underlying the major disciplines in the field. (F,W,S)

199. Independent Studies
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing; a major within MCDB; completion of two prior upper-division courses in MCDB or EEMB; consent of instructor and department..
Students must have a minimum grade-point average of 3.0 in upper-division major courses and are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 197/198/199/199DC/199RA courses combined. Maximum units for credit in major: 8 for BS; 4 for BA. See also credit limits with other courses in description of major requirements. Tutorial, 1-3 hours; field, 1-5 hours.
Hours and credit by arrangement with any faculty member. Laboratory or field. (F,W,S)

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Graduate Courses

203. Cell Biology
(4) Clegg
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L, or equivalents.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 237. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Introduction to the structure and function of cell organelles: membranes, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, microbodies, microtubules, cilia, centrioles, and microfilaments. (W)

208AL. Biochemistry Computer Laboratory
(2) Sears
Prerequisite: MCDB 108A (may be taken concurrently).
Recommended preparation: Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B.
Computer laboratory analysis of biochemical structures and the dynamics of their interactions with other molecules. Students will be required to submit a structural analysis paper on a topic of their
choice. (F)

212. Molecular Virology
(5) Samuel
Prerequisites: MCDB 108A-B-C and 101A-B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 212. Lecture, 5 hours.
Consideration of selected animal viruses in terms of structure, mechanism of genetic expression, and effects of viral gene expression on cell function, as well as aspects of the virus-host interaction including viral persistence, interference, and interferon. (not offered 2002-03)

214. Neurobiology I
(4) Vandenburg, Staff
Prerequisite: MCDB 1A-AL or equivalent.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 208. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Nervous system properties ranging from single cells to whole organisms, using examples from vertebrates/invertebrates studied in terms of morphology, physiology, behavior. (F)

215. Developmental Neurobiology: A Molecular and Cellular Perspective
(4) Feinstein
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and EEMB 3-3L; and MCDB 101A.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 209.
Recommended preparation: MCDB 112. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
The course begins with fertilization and moves through sequential stages in the development of the nervous system, including cell migration and differentiation, axon outgrowth and pathfinding, programmed cell death, synaptogenesis, learning, memory, neurodegenerative conditions and current strategies for neuronal regeneration. (S)

220A. Chromosomes and Cell Cycle
(2) Staff
Prerequisite: graduate standing. Lecture, 2 hours.
Structure and organization of the nucleus, chromatin and chromosome structure, organization, and function; DNA replication and replication origins; eukaryotic cell cycle regulation. (W)

220B. The Cytoskeleton
(2) Wilson
Prerequisite: graduate standing. Lecture, 2 hours.
Structure and function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Structure assembly and function of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. (W)

220C. Membrane Dynamics and Cell-Cell Interactions
(2) Clegg, Rothman
Prerequisite: undergraduate biochemistry (e.g., MCDB 108A-B-C or Chemistry 142A-B-C) and genetics (e.g., MCDB 101A). Lecture, 2 hours.
Structure and dynamics of biological membranes and membrane proteins, protein translocation and sorting in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells, extracellular matrix protein structure/function, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion receptors, transmembrane signaling by cell adhesion receptors. (W)

220D. Experimental Cytology and Digital Imaging
(4) Fisher
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
Introduction to imaging cellular substructure with the light microscope. Students receive theoretical and hands-on experience in obtaining maximum data from biological specimens using optical and digital enhancement techniques. (S)

221. Preparation and Evaluation of Research Proposals
(1) Foltz
Prerequisites: MCDB 218A-B or BMB 218A-B. Lecture, 1 hour.
Instruction in preparation, writing, and evaluation of research grant proposals. Students are required to submit a full research proposal (in Federal funding agency format) at the end of the course. (S)

222. Sequence Analysis
(2) Poole
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Lecture, 1 hour; discussion, 1 hour.
Analysis of DNA and protein sequence data. Topics include protein property prediction, defining sequence similarity, sequence comparison, and sequence database searching. (F)

223. Signal Transduction
(2) Mahan, Vandenburg, Finkelstein
Prerequisite: graduate standing. Lecture, 2 hours.
A cell's growth is controlled by positive and negative cues from its surroundings. Discussion of the cell's signaling mechanisms that recognize these cues and initiate an intracellular set of events that generates a response. (S)

224. Biological Mass Spectrometry
(2) Waite
Prerequisite: A graduate level biochemistry course such as MCDB 218A or 245. Lecture, 1 hour; lab, 2 hours.
Lecture and laboratory instruction on the principles of laser desorption mass spectrometry as applied to biological research. (W)

225. Development
(2) Foltz, Rothman, Smith, Finkelstein
Prerequisite: graduate standing. Lecture, 2 hours.
The molecular mechanisms of pattern formation and cellular differentiation that underlie developmental processes in a variety of important model systems. (S)

226A. Basic Pharmacology
(4) Edwards
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 219A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
History and scope of pharmacology as a basic science; principles of drug action and relationship of pharmacology to physiology, chemistry, biochemistry emphasized. (F)

226AL. Pharmacology Lab I
(4) Edwards
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in MCDB 226A.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 219AL. Discussion, 1 hour; laboratory, 8 hours.
Analysis of drug sites and mechanisms of action using isolated tissues, organs, and intact animal preparations. (F)

226B. Basic Pharmacology
(4) Vandenburg
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 219B. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Receptor signalling mechanisms; pharmacology of neurotransmitter and hormone receptors; molecular and cellular mechanisms of drug-receptor interactions. (W)

226BL. Pharmacology Laboratory II
(4) Vandenburg
Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in MCDB 226B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 219BL. Discussion, 1 hour; laboratory, 9 hours.
An Introduction to molecular and biochemical techniques in pharmacology; drug-receptor binding; receptor isolation; pharmacokinetics; techniques to evaluate potency, concentration and effects of hormones and their receptors. (W)

226C. Basic Pharmacology: Principles and Chemotherapy
(4) Wilson
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 219C. Lecture, 3 hours; tutorial, 1 hour.
Fundamental principles of pharmacology, drug-receptor theory, biochemical mechanisms of action of drugs. (S)

229. Macromolecular Structure
(2) Waite
Prerequisite: graduate standing. Lecture, 2 hours.
Properties, structure, and structure-function analysis of nucleic acids and proteins. (F)

230. Gene Regulation
(2) Low, Samuel
Prerequisite: graduate standing. Lecture, 2 hours.
Mechanisms and regulation of transcription and translation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and their viruses. (W)

231. General Microbiology
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and, Chemistry 107A-B and 108, or 130A-B-C.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 207. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Introduction to the biological properties of microorganisms; historical foundations of the field of microbiology; a study of the major groups of microorganisms, their structure, physiology, cultivation, and pathogenicity. (F)

231L. General Microbiology Laboratory
(2) Cooper
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in MCDB 231. Laboratory, 6 hours.
Laboratory experiments on the isolation, cultivation, and analysis of diverse microorganisms. (not offered 2002-03)

232. Bacterial Pathogenesis
(3) Mahan
Prerequisite: MCDB 101A-B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 228.
Recommended preparation: MCDB 231. Lecture, 3 hours.
The mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens cause disease. Investigation of the bacterial gene products produced during infection to understand the metabolic, physiological, and genetic factors that contribute to the virulence of bacterial
pathogens. (W)

233. Molecular and Cellular Immunobiology
(3) Sears
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A-B or 108A-B-C.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 223. Lecture, 3 hours.
Introduction to, and evaluation of, the current concepts of immunology. Emphasis on immunoglobulin structure and function, cell-cell cooperation in the immune response, and the role of the major histocompatibility complex in regulating immune responsiveness. (W)

235. Experimental Strategies in Molecular Genetics
(1) Rothman
Prerequisites: undergraduate biochemistry (e.g., MCDB 108A-B-C) and genetics (e.g., MCDB 101A-B-C). Lecture, 1 hour.
Discussion of experimental strategies used to purify, analyze, and manipulate nucleic acids, isolate molecular clones from complex genomes, physically map genomes, analyze gene expression, and perform reverse genetics. (F)

245. Macromolecules From Marine Organisms
(4) Waite
Prerequisite: MCDB 108A or 218A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Structure/function relationships in interesting macromolecules isolated from marine organisms. Focus will be on well-characterized pathways from horseshoe crabs, abalones, mussels, and fish as well as others. (F)

260. Research Seminar in Biochemistry-Molecular Biology
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: graduate standing.
Same course as BMB 260. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 260. Seminar, 1 hour.
Seminars on research in progress presented by faculty of the Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology. (F,W,S)

261. Literature in Immunology
(1) Sears
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 261. Seminar, 1 hour.
Critical reading and presentation of recent literature in immunology.

262. Research Progress in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
(1) Staff
Same course as BMB 262. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 262. Seminar, 1 hour.
Research presentations by postdoctoral fellows and advanced Ph.D. students of research progress in the department. (F,W,S)

263. Progress in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
(1) Staff
Same course as BMB 263. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 263. Seminar, 1 hour.
Research seminars presented by invited speakers on current research topics. (F,W,S)

264. Literature in Nucleic Acids and Chromosomes
(1) Carbon, Clarke
Prerequisite: graduate standing.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 264. Seminar, 1 hour.
Critical reading and presentation of the recent literature on nucleic acids and chromosomes by staff, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students. (not offered 2002-03)

265. Literature in Virology
(1) Samuel
Prerequisites: graduate standing; consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 265. Seminar, 1 hour.
Critical reading and presentation of the recent literature on animal viruses and host cells by graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and staff. (F,W,S)

266. Literature in Neurobiology
(1) Fisher, Clegg, Vandenberg, Feinstein
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 266. Seminar, 1 hour.
Critical reading and presentation of the literature in modern neurobiology. (F,W)

268. Literature in Plant Molecular Biology
(1) Finkelstein, Christoffersen, Cooper
Prerequisite: graduate standing.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 268. Seminar, 1 hour.
Critical reading and presentation of the current literature in higher plant molecular biology, cell biology, and development. (F,W,S)

269. Literature in Pharmacology
(1) Jacobs, Wilson
Prerequisite: graduate standing in biological sciences.
Same course as EEMB 269. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 269. Seminar, 1 hour.
Critical reading and presentation of current literature in topics on pharmacology. (F,W,S)

290AA-ZZ. Group Studies
(2) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Presentation and discussion of current research, to be selected from the following list.
A. Research in Molecular Marine Biology: Morse
B. Research in Biomineralization: Morse
BG. Bacterial Genetics: Low
CE. C. Elegans Development: Rothman
DN. Developmental Neurobiology: Clegg
LW. Microtubule Dynamics and Functions: Wilson
MM. Bacterial Pathogenesis: Mahan
MS. Biomass Spectrometry: Waite
PM. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions: Cooper
RF. Plant Developmental Genetics: Finkelstein
S. Molecular Virology and Interferon Action: Samuel
SK. Research in Retinal Cell Biology: Fisher
V. Current Research on Cell and Developmental Biology of Fungi
VA. Molecular Neurobiology­Ion Channels: Vandenberg

292. Advanced Special Topics in Biological Sciences
(1-4) Staff
Prerequisites: graduate standing; consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 292. Lecture, 1-4 hours.
Special topics of current importance in biological sciences. Course content will vary. Information on course content may be obtained in the department office.

293. Computational Methods in Biochemistry-Molecular Biology
(1) Christoffersen
Prerequisite: graduate standing. Lecture, 1 hour.
Survey of computational methods in molecular biology. Topics include analysis and presentation of data, database searching, quantitative image analysis, and protein homology modeling. Emphasis on utilizing accessible software tools that are designed for nonprogrammers. (W)

500. Teaching Assistant Orientation
(1) Staff
Required of all teaching assistants.
No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 500. Workshop, 1 hour.
General orientation regarding the University of California and the Santa Barbara campus; various pertinent regulations, officials and their functions, staff and functions; services available to teaching assistants and to students. Prospective teaching assistants are encouraged to take this course during the fall quarter prior to their employment. (F)

501. Practicum in Instruction
(1-4) Staff
Prerequisite: concurrent teaching assistant employment.
No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 501. Workshop, 3-12 hours.
Practical experience in teaching within specified areas of biology. Students will have responsibility for one or more laboratory and/or discussion sections. Staff will periodically observe teaching assistants in actual teaching situations. Evaluation forms will be completed by members of the class sections. (F,W,S)

502. Techniques of Teaching and Laboratory Class Supervision
(1-2) Staff
Prerequisite: concurrent teaching assistant employment. Required of all teaching assistants.
No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 502. Discussion, 1 hour.
Weekly discussion and readings on techniques of teaching including lecturing, leading discussions, writing and grading exams, student-teacher interactions, classroom dynamics, and teaching philosophy. (F,W)

503. Research Practicum in Biology
(1-2) Staff
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 503. Tutorial, 1-2 hours.
Basic procedures and methods of research in a specified area as determined by consultation between the supervising faculty member and the research assistant. Includes weekly meetings and consultations, and formal evaluations. (F,W,S)

595AA-ZZ. Group Studies
(2) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 595AA-ZZ and EEMB 595AA-ZZ to a maximum of 8 units. Individual letter designations may be repeated for credit to a maximum of 4 units. Seminar, 2 hours.
A critical review of research in selected fields of biology. Subject matter for these seminars will be selected from the following list:
A-B. Biochemistry-Molecular Biology: Staff
BC. Biochemistry/Molecular Biology: Cooper
BG. Bacterial Genetics: Low
DM. Molecular Marine Biology and Marine Biotechnology: Morse
DS. Molecular and Cellular Immunology: Sears
DV. Developmental Biology: Smith
EO. Genetics: Orias
F. General Physiology: Staff
G. Virology: Samuel
MM. Contemporary Topics in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Sears
MP. Microbial Pathogenesis: Mahan
NN. Literature in Eukaryotic Molecular Genetics: Orias
V. Mycology: Ross
X. Cell Biology: Foltz

596. Directed Reading and Research
(2-12) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Hours and credit by arrangement with faculty.

597. Individual Study for Master's Comprehensive Examinations and Ph.D. Examinations
(1-12) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 597. No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree. Students are limited to 24 units per examination, and 12 units per quarter.
Individual study for M.A. comprehensive examinations and Ph.D. examinations.

598. Master's Thesis Research and Preparation
(1-12) Staff
Prerequisites: M.A. (thesis) candidate and consent of committee chair.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 598 to a maximum of 12 units. No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree.
For research underlying the thesis and writing of the thesis.

599. Ph.D. Dissertation Preparation
(1-12) Staff
Prerequisites: Ph.D. candidate and consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 599 to a maximum of 12 units.
For writing of the dissertation.

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