Undergraduate e-mail: eemb-ugrad@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Graduate e-mail: eemb-gradasst@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Website: lifesci.ucsb.edu/EEMB  (will open in a new browser window)

Department Chair: Roger Nisbet

Faculty

Alice L. Alldredge, Ph.D., UC Davis, Professor (marine biology)

Mark A. Brzezinski, Ph.D., Oregon State University, Professor (biological oceanography)

Craig Carlson, Ph.D., University of Maryland, Assistant Professor (marine microbial ecology)

David J. Chapman, Ph.D., UC San Diego, Professor (phycology, biochemical evolution)

James J. Childress, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor (ecological physiology)

Peter M. Collins, Ph.D., University of London, Professor (endocrinology)

Scott D. Cooper, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Professor (aquatic ecology and limnology)

John A. Endler, Ph.D., University of Edinburgh, Professor (population and ecological genetics)

Steven D. Gaines, Ph.D., Oregon State University, Professor (marine community ecology, biostatistics)

Scott Hodges, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Associate Professor (plant evolution)

Sally J. Holbrook, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (population ecology)

Robert S. Jacobs, Ph.D., Loyola University, Professor (pharmacology)

Armand M. Kuris, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (parasitology, marine ecology)

Bruce E. Mahall, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (plant ecology)

Susan J. Mazer, Ph.D., UC Davis, Professor (plant evolution)

John M. Melack, Ph.D., Duke University, Professor (zoology and limnology)

William W. Murdoch, Ph.D., Oxford University, Professor (population ecology)

Roger M. Nisbet, Ph.D., University of St. Andrews, Professor (theoretical population ecology)

Barbara B. Prezelin, Ph.D., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Professor (marine biology)

Omer J. Reichman, Ph.D., Northern Arizona University, Professor (behavioral ecology)

William Rice, Ph.D., Oregon State University, Professor (evolutionary genetics, biological statistics)

Stephen I. Rothstein, Ph.D., Yale University, Professor (evolutionary biology, ecology, ethology)

Joshua P. Schimel, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor (microbial ecology, soil biology, ecosystem ecology)

Russell J. Schmitt, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor (marine community ecology and population)

Allan Stewart-Oaten, Ph.D., Michigan State University, Professor (mathematical biology, statistics)

Raul K. Suarez, Ph.D., University of British Columbia, Associate Professor (comparative biochemistry and physiology)

Samuel S. Sweet, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Associate Professor (vertebrate morphology)

Robert R. Warner, Ph.D., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Professor (marine ecology)

Emeriti Faculty

Daniel B. Botkin, Ph.D., Rutgers University, Professor Emeritus (ecology)

James F. Case, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University, Professor Emeritus (neurobiology)

Joseph H. Connell, Ph.D., Glasgow, Professor Emeritus (population ecology)

Demorest Davenport, Ph.D., Harvard University, Professor Emeritus (zoology)

Barbara B. DeWolfe, Ph.D., UC Berkeley, Professor Emerita (vertebrate zoology)

Alfred W. Ebeling, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Professor Emeritus (zoology)

John R. Haller, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor Emeritus (systematic botany)

Garrett Hardin, Ph.D., Stanford University, Professor Emeritus (human ecology)

Robert W. Holmes, Ph.D., Oslo, Professor Emeritus (aquatic botany)

W. Neil Holmes, D.Sc., Ph.D., Liverpool, Professor Emeritus (zoology)

Maynard F. Moseley, Ph.D., University of Illinois, Professor Emeritus (plant anatomy)

Dale M. Smith, Ph.D., Indiana University, Professor Emeritus (systematic botany)

Robert K. Trench, Ph.D., UC Los Angeles, Professor Emeritus (biology)

Adrian M. Wenner, Ph.D., University of Michigan, Professor Emeritus (natural history of arthropods)

Affiliated Faculty

Stanley M. Awramik, Ph.D. (Geological Sciences)

Bruce E. Kendall, Ph.D. (Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management)

James P. Kennett, Ph.D. (Geological Sciences)

Bruce Tiffney, Ph.D. (Geological Sciences)

Intensive, quarter-long field courses, including the White Mountain Research Supercourse and the Education Abroad Program's tropical biology program in Costa Rica, are available to selected students. A variety of hands-on work and research experiences are available through internships and directed independent study projects, including research at University of California Natural Reserve System sites throughout California. In addition, students can obtain training in the biological sciences at institutions throughout the world through the Education Abroad Program.

Many students in the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology prepare for entry into graduate or professional schools. Students should become familiar with the requirements of several institutions offering work in the specialty that interests them, and then discuss their programs with their advisor. In general, students preparing for careers in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, and nursing select biological sciences, physiology, or zoology as their major. All of the EEMB majors provide suitable preparation for further study in agriculture, forestry, and wildlife and water management.

Students with a bachelor's degree in any of the EEMB majors who are interested in pursuing a California Teaching Credential should contact the credential advisor in the Graduate School of Education as soon as possible.

The department undergraduate academic advisor is available for counseling on matters such as major requirements, schedule planning, course substitutions, petitions, and career and graduate school information. Three faculty members serve each year as graduate advisors. The graduate program assistant helps graduate students in all matters related to their graduate study. Department publications are available from the undergraduate advisor and the graduate program assistant.

Senior Honors Program

Students with outstanding academic records in biological sciences are encouraged to apply for the senior honors program early in the fall quarter of the senior year. The honors program centers on an independent research project carried out in one of the departmental research groups (EEMB or MCDB 199), and the preparation of a written report or thesis. Eligibility requirements and applications are available from the undergraduate advisor.

Undergraduate Program

Students are normally expected to complete all courses required in preparation for the major by the end of their sophomore year, but physics may be delayed until the junior year if necessary. Students with strong high school backgrounds are urged to complete their basic preparation in general chemistry and mathematics during their freshman year. Students with weak mathematics preparation should make up this deficiency by completing intermediate algebra and trigonometry by correspondence through University Extension, preferably during the summer preceding enrollment at UCSB, or by completing Mathematics 15 at UCSB. As the requirements suggest, each major in the department is designed to emphasize a different area in biology.

Upper-division major courses offered on the P/NP-only basis may be taken for major credit to a maximum of 8 units total in any combination for a B.S. or 4 units for a B.A. All other courses for the major, both preparation and upper-division, must be taken for letter grades.

Pre-Biology

Students are not admitted directly into the following majors: Biological Sciences B.A. or B.S., Aquatic Biology B.S., Ecology and Evolution B.S., Physiology B.S., and Zoology B.S. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing in one of these majors only after fulfilling the pre-major course and grade requirements listed below. Note: Completion of the pre-major does not fully satisfy the preparation for the major requirements for any of the majors. Students should review the full requirement sheet for the major they intend to declare and plan their schedules accordingly. Also note that acceptance into the pre-major does not guarantee admission to full major status.

Students may petition for advancement to full major status in any one of the majors as soon as they have completed the required minimum of twelve courses with a 2.0 or higher grade-point average in area B; in area C; and the courses in area A and area D combined. At the time of the petition, they must also have a 2.0 or higher grade-point average in all courses attempted toward the major (preparation and upper-division). The P/NP grading option is not allowed for any pre-major course. All must be completed on a letter-grade basis.

1. General Chemistry: Chemistry 1A or 2A, 1B or 2B, 1C or 2C. The entire three quarter series and laboratories are required for all EEMB majors.

2. MCDB 1A, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, EEMB 3

3. MCDB 1AL, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3L

4. Two courses from the following:
   1. Organic Chemistry: Chemistry 109A-B-C. (Not required for Ecology and Evolution or Zoology. Laboratories are also required for the other majors. Physiology requires 3 quarters of Organic Chemistry. Biological Sciences (B.A. or B.S.) requires two quarters of organic chemistry lecture and laboratory; Aquatic iology requires at least one quarter of each.)
   2. Calculus: Mathematics 3A or 34A, 3B or 34B
   3. Statistics: EEMB 30 or PSTAT 5Aor Math 3C (EEMB 30 or PSTAT 5A strongly recommended for EEMB Majors)
   4. Physics: 6A-B-C (Biological Sciences B.A. does not require 6C. Laboratoriesrequired for all majors.)

NOTE: Many upper-division EEMB and all MCDB courses require a C or better in each prerequisite course. See individual course listings.

Bachelor of Arts--Biological Sciences

UCSB offers both a bachelor of arts (B.A.) and a bachelor of science (B.S.) degree in biological sciences. The B.A. degree is intended to provide flexibility in curriculum planning for students interested in obtaining a degree in biology accompanied by a broader background in the liberal arts. Either degree is acceptable to most graduate and professional schools. Students are encouraged to seek advice from biology faculty and academic advisors regarding which degree option is most appropriate to their career goals.

Students are not admitted directly into the biological sciences major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement. Note also that a single course, though listed in more than one area, can satisfy only one requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL, 6A-B, and 109A-B; Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B, and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 or Mathematics 3C; Physics 6A-AL-B-BL.

Upper-division major. Thirty-six upper-division units in biological sciences, distributed as follows:

Note: The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183, 184; MCDB 121, 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 4 units of the following courses combined will apply: EEMB 185-199; MCDB 185-199.

1. Genetics: MCDB 101A (MCDB 101B strongly recommended for students taking 101A) or EEMB 129

2. Physiology: One course or course sequence from MCDB 111, 114, 117; EEMB 141, 143, 154, 155, 156

3. Development and Cell Biology or Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: one course or course sequence from MCDB 103, 108A, 110, 112, 114 (if not used in area B), 115, 118, 133, 134; EEMB 164

4. Ecology or Evolution: One course or course sequence from EEMB 108, 109 (or Geology 148), 113-113L, 120, 131 (or Geology 121), 135, 136-136L, 137 (or Geology 141), 138, 139, 140, 142A

5. Diversity of Form and Structure: One course or course sequence from EEMB 106, 107, 111, 112, 113-113L (if not used in D above), 116, 134; MCDB 131, 137

6. Electives: Additional upper-division courses offered within the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology to bring unit total to 36.

Bachelor of Science--Aquatic Biology

The aquatic biology major provides students with interests in marine biology, biological oceanography, limnology, marine and freshwater ecology, and population biology of aquatic organisms with an opportunity to gain a general background in these subject areas.

Students are not admitted directly into the aquatic biology major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement. Note also that a single course, though listed in more than one area, can satisfy only one requirement. Such courses are identified with an asterisk (*).

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL; two of the following courses or course sequences: Chemistry 6A-109A, 6B-109B, 101; Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B, and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30, Mathematics 3C (acceptable but not recommended); Physics 6A-AL-B-BL-C-CL.

Upper-division major. Forty-eight upper-division units in biological sciences, distributed as follows, with at least 32 in EEMB:

Note: The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183; MCDB 121, 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 8 units of the following courses combined will apply: EEMB 184-199, MCDB 185-199. Finally, a maximum of 16 units may be completed in courses outside of the EEMB department.

1. EEMB 142A-B-C

2. One course or course sequence from each of the following:
   1. Genetics: EEMB 129 or MCDB 101A
   2. Ecology: EEMB 120 or 179
   3. Physiology: EEMB 143-143L*, 154, 155, 156; MCDB 111, 114, 117

   4. Evolution: EEMB 108, 109 (or Geology 148), 113-113L, 114, 131 (or Geology 121), 135, 136-136L (or Geology 111-111L), 138

3. Aquatic Biology: Three courses from the following, including at least one laboratory course (underlined): EEMB 106, 112, 116, 134, 142AL, 142 BL, 142CL, 143*, 143L*, 144, 144L, 147, 148, 148L, 149 (or MCDB 149), 151, 152 (or Environmental Studies 152), 159, 163, 170, Geology 162*

4. Physical Environment: One course from: Geography 104, 112, 116-116L, 134, 136, 158, 162A-AL, 163; Geology 161, 162*, 163, 164A, 164B, 164C, 165, 166, 171

5. Additional upper-division courses offered within the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology or from areas B, C, and D above to bring total units to 48.

Bachelor of Science--Biological Sciences

UCSB offers both a bachelor of arts (B.A.) and a bachelor of science (B.S.) degree in biological sciences. The B.S. degree is intended for those students desiring a more focused and intensive curriculum in biology, including the development of laboratory skills. Either degree is acceptable to most graduate and professional schools. Students are encouraged to seek advice from biology faculty and academic advisors regarding which degree option is most appropriate to their career goals.

Students are not admitted directly into the biological sciences major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL, 6A-B and 109A-B; Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B, and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 or Mathematics 3C; Physics 6A-AL-B-BL-C-CL.

Upper-division major. Forty-eight units, distributed as follows:

Note: The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183, 184; MCDB 121, 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 8 units of the following courses combined will apply: EEMB 185-199, MCDB 185-199.

1. Genetics: MCDB 101A and MCDB 101B (MCDB concentration) or EEMB 129 and EEMB 130 (EEMB concentration)

2. One course or course sequence from each of the following. Note: Courses listed in more than one section can be applied to only one section.
   1. Physiology: MCDB 111, 114, 117, 126A, 132; EEMB 141, 143, 151, 154, 155, 156
   2. Developmental and cell biology: MCDB 103, 112, 114, 115, 118, 119, 133,
   3. Biochemistry and molecular biology: MCDB 108A, 110, 126B, 126C, 133, 134; EEMB 164
   4. Ecology: EEMB 120, 138, 139, 140, 142A
   5. Evolution: EEMB 108, 109 (or Geology 148), 113-113L, 131 (or Geology 121), 135, 136-136L (or Geology 111-111L), 137 (or Geology 141), 139
   6. Diversity of form and function: EEMB 106, 107, 111, 112, 113-113L, 115, 116, 134; MCDB 131, 137

   7. Laboratory: Either one of the underlined courses from sections 1-6 above or one of the following: MCDB 101L, 103L, 109L, 112L, 126AL (or EEMB 126AL), 126BL, 131L, 132L, 133L, 140L; EEMB 107L, 120AL-BL, 140L, 143L, 148L, 164L, 164S, 170

3. Electives: Additional upper-division courses offered with the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology to bring the total to 48 units.

Bachelor of Science--Ecology and Evolution

The ecology and evolution major provides a solid foundation in the study of interactions among organisms, and of their relations to the environment. Following completion of the core sequence, students may elect either an ecology or evolution concentration, or may devise their own program in consultation with a faculty advisor. This is the appropriate major for the field-oriented biologist and for students interested in graduate work in plant or animal population biology, ecology, or evolutionary biology.

Students are not admitted directly into the ecology and evolution major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement. Note also that a single course, though listed in more than one area, can satisfy only one requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL; Mathematics 3A-3B or 34A-34B and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 (Mathematics 3C acceptable but not recommended); Physics 6A-AL-B-BL-C-CL. Note: Organic Chemistry may be required by some graduate or professional schools. Consult with the advisor.

Upper-division major. Forty-eight upper-division units are required, distributed as follows, with at least 32 in EEMB:

Note: The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183, 184, MCDB 121, 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 8 units of the following courses apply: EEMB 185-199, MCDB 185-199. Finally, a maximum of 16 units may be completed through courses outside of the EEMB Department.

Note: Courses identified with an asterisk (*) are listed in more than one area, but they may be applied to only one area.

1. Genetics: EEMB 129-130* or MCDB 101A-B

2. Ecology: EEMB 120

3. Evolution: EEMB 131 (or Geology 121)

4. One course from D1 or D2:
   1. Ecology concentration: EEMB 125, 140, 152 (or Environmental Studies 152), 171 (or Environmental Studies 171), 179

   2. Evolution concentration: EEMB 130*, 132-132L, or 135

5. Physiology: EEMB 124, 141, 143, 154, 155, 156; MCDB 111, 117

6. Animal diversity: EEMB 106, 107, 108, 109 (or Geology 148), 111, 112, 113-113L, 116, 133 (or Environmental Studies 133)*, 136-136L (or Geology 111-111L)

7. Plant diversity: EEMB 103A, 114, 115, 127, 133 (or Environmental Studies 133)*, 137 (or Geology 141); Geography 167, 170-170L*; MCDB 137

8. Physical environment: EEMB 142B; Geography 104, 110, 112, 114A-AL (or Environmental Studies 114A-AL), 162A-AL (or Environmental Studies 162A-AL), 170-170L*; Geology 164A

9. Electives: Additional upper-division courses offered within the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology. Especially recommended are 110, 134, 138, 139, 146, 160, 161, and 163 in evolution; 146, 147, 148-148L, 152, 159, 171, 178, and 179 in ecology or any additional courses from areas F, G, or H above to bring the total in the major to 48.

Bachelor of Science--Physiology

Physiology is a branch of biology dealing with the processes, activities, and phenomena characteristic of living organisms. The physiology major is designed to provide an understanding of the integrated functioning of tissues and organs in whole organisms. Regulatory mechanisms are considered at the cellular and molecular level, and in the context of an organism's adaptation and responsiveness to its environment.

Students are not admitted directly into the physiology major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL; Chemistry 6A-B and 109A-B-C; Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 (Mathematics 3C acceptable but not recommended); Physics 6A-AL-B-BL-C-CL.

Upper-division major. Forty-eight upper-division units are required, distributed as follows, with at least 32 in EEMB:

Note: The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183, 184, MCDB 121, 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 8 units of the following courses apply: EEMB 185-199, MCDB 185-199. Finally, a maximum of 16 units may be completed through courses outside of the EEMB Department.

Note: Instructor approval is required for admission into any upper-division psychology courses. A maximum of 8 units of psychology courses can be applied.

1. One course or course combination from Regulatory Biology: EEMB 143-143L, 154, 155, 156, 160; MCDB 117; Psychology 113, 137

2. Genetics: EEMB 129

3. Cell Biology: MCDB 103

4. Biochemistry: MCDB 108A-B or Chemistry 142A-B

5. One course from Structure and Function: EEMB 108, 112, 115, 116, 131

6. Two laboratory courses from among those underlined in Areas A, E, and G.

7. Additional courses offered within the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology or courses from areas A and E above to bring the total units in the upper-division major to 48. The following courses are recommended: EEMB 134, 141, 151, 164-164L; MCDB 114.

Bachelor of Science--Zoology

The zoology major is designed to provide an understanding of animal structure and diversity, evolutionary relationships, functional systems, and environmental relationships, with an option of specialization in either organismal or population biology.

Students are not admitted directly into the zoology major. Instead, they are first admitted to the pre-biology major, and they may advance to full major standing only after fulfilling specified pre-major course and grade requirements. See section entitled "Pre-Biology" for details.

Note: Hyphens indicate that an entire course sequence must be completed as shown to fulfill an area requirement.

Preparation for the major. MCDB 1A-AL, MCDB 1B, EEMB 2, either MCDB 1BL or EEMB 2L, and EEMB 3-3L; Chemistry 1A-AL-B-BL-C-CL or 2A-AL-B-BL-C-CL; Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B and one of the following: PSTAT 5A or EEMB 30 (Mathematics 3C acceptable but not recommended); Physics 6A-AL-B-BL-C-CL. Courses listed under multiple categories may apply to only one category

Note: Courses listed under multiple categories may only apply to one category. The following courses do not count toward upper-division major credit: EEMB 183, MCDB 121, 182, 183, 184. In addition, no more than 8 units of the following courses apply: EEMB 184-199, MCDB 185-199. Finally, a maximum of 16 units may be completed through courses outside of the EEMB Department.

Note: Organic Chemistry may be required by some graduate or professional schools. Consult with an advisor.

Upper-division major. Forty-eight upper-division units are required, distributed as follows, with at least 32 in EEMB:

1. Genetics: EEMB 129 or 130 or MCDB 101A

2. One course from Physiology: EEMB 143, 154, 155, 156; MCDB 111, 114

3. Two courses from Ecology, Evolution, or Development: EEMB 109 (or Geology 148), 120, 130, 131 (or Geology 121), 135, 138, 152 (or Environmental Studies 152), 171 (or Environmental Studies 171) or MCDB 112

4. Three courses from Diversity and Systematics: EEMB 106, 107-107L, 108, 111, 112, 113-113L, 116, 147, 163.

5. Ecology and Evolution Enrichment. One course from the following list or one additional course from areas C. EEMB 124, 136-136L (or Geology 111-111L), 139, 142A, 142B, 142C, 146, 148, 149 (or MCDB 149), 159, 170.

6. One course in Plant Biology: EEMB 103A, 115, 134, 135, 140, 141.

7. Laboratory: an underlined course completed in areas A-E or one of the following: EEMB 140L, 143L, 142AL, 142BL, 142CL, 148L, 164L, 164S; MCDB 112L

8. Electives: Additional upper-division courses offered within the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology or from areas C-F above or from the following list: Chemistry 109A-B-C; Anthropology 105, 121, 121T, 153T; Environmental Studies 110, 111; Geography 104, 167; Geology 120, 149, 164A; Linguistics 185; MCDB 101B, 103, 133, 134 to bring the total upper-division units in the major to 48.

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Graduate Program

The Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology (EEMB) offers graduate studies leading to the master of arts and doctor of philosophy degrees. Candidates for graduate degrees must meet university degree requirements found in the section, "Graduate Education at UCSB," as well as departmental requirements.

Admission

Applicants must fulfill general requirements for admission to graduate status. In addition, the scores of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) general test are required of all applicants to the graduate program. Applicants whose native language is not English are required to take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Exceptions to this requirement will be considered for those students who have completed an undergraduate or graduate education at an institution whose primary language of instruction is English. The minimum score for consideration is 550 when taking the paper-based test or 213 when taking the computer-based test, taken within two years of their application to UCSB.

Applicants to the department must be accepted by a major professor with whom they wish to work. Therefore, applicants are encouraged to contact individual faculty members whose research interests coincide with their own.

Applications are considered for fall admission and should be received with all supporting materials by December 15.

Requirements for the M.A.

A candidate for the master's degree must fulfill, in addition to general university requirements, the minimum lower-and upper-division requirements or their equivalents for the major in their field of emphasis. Students admitted with deficiencies must rectify them early in their graduate studies.

A major area of study must be selected from the list of specialized areas presented below following the section titled, "Requirements for the Ph.D." A minor area of study may be selected from this list or from an appropriate discipline in another department. Two plans of study are available for the M.A.

Under Plan 1 (thesis), a minimum of 30 units and a thesis are required. The units may be taken in graduate or upper-division courses offered by the department; at least 20 units must be in the 200 and 500 series, excluding 500, 501, 502, 597 and 598. No more than half the graduate-level units may be in 596 courses. Courses outside the department may be substituted upon written approval of the student's advisory committee. No unit credit is allowed for the thesis.

Under Plan 2 (comprehensive examination), a minimum of 36 units of upper-division and graduate courses offered by the department are required, at least 24 of which must be in the 200 and 500 series, excluding 500, 501, 502, 597 and 598. No more than half the graduate-level units may be in 596 courses. Courses outside the department may be substituted upon written approval of the student's advisory committee. The comprehensive examination will cover a major and a minor area of study as described above.

Individuals may apply to an M.A./Ph.D. program. Students in the program may enter the Ph.D. program after their master's-level studies are complete if their M.A. work indicates an ability to conduct research at the Ph.D. level. Entry into the Ph.D. program requires written support by the student's potential Ph.D. advisor. The graduate committee will review each request in consultation with the student's named potential advisor. If entry into the Ph.D. program is approved, the student should consult with the graduate advisor regarding Ph.D. program requirements.

Requirements for the Ph.D.

Candidates for the doctor of philosophy degree in EEMB must normally have completed a bachelor's degree in one of the biological sciences, with a preparation deemed equivalent to that required for the bachelor's degree from UCSB. Students who are admitted to graduate standing with deficiencies in preparation will be required to take appropriate undergraduate courses.

All doctoral candidates must qualify for and hold a teaching assistantship for the equivalent of two quarters as part of the preparation for the Ph.D. degree; pass a set of written qualifying examinations administered by the department and the oral qualifying examination administered by the doctoral committee; complete a doctoral dissertation under the general supervision of a committee; and defend their dissertation in a final oral examination. With the approval of the candidate's doctoral committee, a scheduled departmental seminar may be substituted in lieu of the final oral examination.

Doctoral students select, with the approval of their advisory committee, two areas of study. One area of study must be selected from the list below; the other may be selected from the list, or from an appropriate discipline in other departments. Students must then pass a written comprehensive exam in each of the two areas of study. In addition, the oral qualifying examination must be taken before the end of the ninth quarter following matriculation in the Graduate Division.

1. Ecology with Ecosystem, Evolutionary, Physiological, Plant Community, or Population emphases
2. Algal Physiology, Ecology, and Systematics
3. Behavioral Ecology
4. Biology of Arthropods
5. Biology of Deep Sea Animals
6. Biological Oceanography
7. Bioluminescence
8. Ichthyology
9. Invertebrate Biology
10. Limnology
11. Macroevolution
12. Mathematical Biology
13. Parasitology
14. Plant Systematics and Evolution (Biochemical Systematics, Biosystematics, Taxonomy)
15. Population Genetics
16. Stream Ecology
17. Vertebrate Evolution, Morphology, and Systematics
18. Comparative Physiology
19. Endocrinology
20. Pharmacology
21. Biogeography and Macroecology

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Lower Division

2. Introductory Biology IIEcology and Evolution
(2) Rice, Murdoch
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and Chemistry 1A-B-C.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4B or EEMB 4B or 5B or MCDB 4B or 5B. Lecture, 2 hours.
Introduction to population and community ecology, and evolution. (W)

2L. Introductory Biology Laboratory II
(1) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; concurrent enrollment in EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B.
Same course as MCDB 1BL. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4B or EEMB 4B or 5BL or MCDB 4B or 5BL. Laboratory, 3 hours.
Laboratory investigations illustrate basic principles of animal and plant physiology, ecology, and evolution. (W)

2Z. Selected Topics from EEMB 2
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of department.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4BZ or EEMB 4BZ or 5BZ or MCDB 4BZ or 5BZ. Lecture, 1-4 hours.
Designed for transfer students who have completed part of EEMB 2 through transfer work. Topics will be selected by the department, as appropriate, to fulfill the introductory biology requirement at UCSB. (W)

3. Introductory Biology III
(3) Carlson, Hodges, Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-B, EEMB 2, and Chemistry 1A-B-C.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4C or EEMB 4C or 5C. Lecture, 3 hours.
Introduction to the major groups of microbes, plants, and animals. (S)

3L. Introductory Biology Laboratory III
(1) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B; and concurrent enrollment in EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4C or EEMB 4C or 5CL. Laboratory, 3 hours.
The diversity of microbes, plants, and animals is examined using living and preserved materials. (S)

3Z. Selected Topics from EEMB 3
(1-2) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of department.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4CZ or EEMB 4CZ or 5CZ. Lecture, 1-4 hours.
Designed for transfer students who have completed part of EEMB 3 through transfer work. Topics will be selected by the department, as appropriate, to fulfill the introductory biology requirement at UCSB. (S)

4FS. Freshman Seminar
(1) Staff
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 4FS. Same course as MCDB 4FS. Seminar, 1 hour.
Selected topics of special interest designed to display the broad diversity of the biological sciences. This course is strongly recommended for freshmen and/or prospective majors within the biological sciences. (F)

20. Concepts of Biology
(4) Staff
Not open for credit toward graduation to students who have completed Natural Science 1C. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 20, or Biology 4A-B-C; or MCDB 1A-AL, or EEMB 2B-2L, or MCDB 1B-BL, or EEMB 3-3L. Same course as MCDB 20. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Unifying principles of biology; cell structure, functions, and energy relations; cybernetics, natural selection, evolution; reproduction and the principles of genetics and development; nature and growth of populations. (S)

21. General Botany
(4) Schneider
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 20, or Biology 4A-B-C; or MCDB 1A-AL, or EEMB 2B-2L, or MCDB 1B-BL, or EEMB 3-3L. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion/laboratory, 2 hours.
Unifying principles of biology utilizing plants as exemplary material; correlation of structure and function; genetics, selection, and evolution; energy transformation; growth of populations and the relation of plants to man; conservation. (W)

23. Human Development and Reproductive Physiology
(4) Collins
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 23, or Biology 4A-B-C; or MCDB 1A-AL, or EEMB 2B-2L, or MCDB 1B-BL, or EEMB 3-3L. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Human development with emphasis on events occurring prior to parturition. Hormonal devices involved in human reproduction. Comments on senescence and carcinogenesis. (SS)

24. Aquatic Ecology
(4) Warner, Brzezinski
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 24, or Biology 4A-B-C, or MCDB 1A-AL, or EEMB 2B-2L, or MCDB 1B-BL, or EEMB 3-3L. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Introduction to the ecology of plants and animals which live in aquatic environments stressing the interactions of the biota with their environments. Discussion of the approaches that aquatic biologists use to answer ecological questions, and examine ecological principles which have emerged from the study of aquatic communities. (Not offered 2002-03)

25. Human Anatomy
(4) Wise
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 25. Same course as MCDB 25. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 20 or MCDB 20 or other course in biology.
Emphasis on fundamental structural and functional approaches of organ systems based on the human organism. Discussion of modern biomedical advances, techniques, and current topics in relation to their respective systems. (F,W)

25L. Laboratory in Human Anatomy
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: MCDB 25 or EEMB 25 (may be taken concurrently).
Same course as MCDB 25L. Lecture, 2 hours; Laboratory, 4 hours.
Emphasis on fundamental structural and functional approaches of organ systems based on the human organism. Discussion of modern biomedical advances, techniques, and current topics in relation to their respective systems. (S)

30. Concepts in Statistics
(4) Stewart-Oaten
Prerequisites: Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 30. Not open for credit after completion of other lower-division statistics (such as Communication 87, PSTAT 5AA-ZZ, Psychology 5, Sociology 3). Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours.
Non-mathematical introduction to basic ideas in statistics, such as replication, controls, randomization, random sampling, the repeated sampling principle, chance models. Includes descriptive statistics, laws of large numbers, normality, confidence intervals, regression and correlation, hypothesis tests, elementary computing and simulation. (F,S)

98. Readings in Biological Sciences
(1-3) Staff
Prerequisites: consent of instructor and department.
Students must have a minimum 3.0 cumulative grade-point average and are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 98/99/198/199/199DC/199RA courses combined. Students are limited to 6 units of Biology 98 and EEMB 98 combined. Tutorial, 1 hour.
Special readings on selected topics in biology. Individual conferences one hour every week. Designed to broaden the outlook and experience of advanced lower-division students. Hours and credit by arrangement with any member of the staff.

99. Introduction to Research
(1-3) Staff
Prerequisites: consent of instructor and department.
Students must have a minimum 3.0 cumulative grade-point average and are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 98/99/198/199/199DC/199RA courses combined. Students are limited to 6 units of Biology 99 and EEMB 99 combined. Tutorial, 3-9 hours.
Laboratory experience for advanced lower-division students. Hours and credit by arrangement with any member of the staff.

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Upper Division

103A. Flora and Vegetation of California
(4) Wilken
Prerequisite: EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 103A. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory/field, 6 hours.
An introduction to plant families, species, and communities in California by means of laboratory work and field observations, and including techniques of plant collection and identification. One three-day field trip is required in addition to the regularly scheduled laboratories. (W)

106. Biology of Fishes
(4) Warner
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 161. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 4 hours.
The evolution, systematics, biogeography, and ecology of fishes. (F)

107. Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles
(3) Sweet
Prerequisites: EEMB 113 and 113L.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 130 or 130A. Lecture, 2 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An introduction to the diversity, systematics, functional morphology and ecology of modern lineages of amphibians and reptiles. (Not offered 2002-03)

107L. Herpetology Lab
(2) Sweet
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 107.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 130 or 130L. Lab, 3 hours, discussion, 1 hour.
An intensive introduction to the diversity and systematics of amphibians and reptiles worldwide with an additional focus on the western North American herpetofauna. (Not offered 2002-03)

108. Vertebrate Evolutionary Morphology
(5) Sweet
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 108. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
Lectures concern evolutionary and functional aspects of the development of structural complexity in vertebrates, emphasizing the role of size in determining mechanical and physiological optima and limits, and the constraints imposed by the evolutionary process. Labs involve dissections and demonstrations. (F; offered even-numbered years)

109. Vertebrate Paleontology
(4) Wyss
Prerequisite: Geology 2 or 3 or 7 or 11 or 30, or MCDB 1A.
Same course as Geology 148. Letter grade required for majors. Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 109. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour
Introduction to the history of vertebrate life, with emphasis on the phylogenetic relationships of the major vertebrate groups.

110. Advanced Parasitology
(3) Kuris
Prerequisite: EEMB 111.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 110. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory 3 hours.
Consideration of theoretical aspects of parasite ecology, evolution, and physiology. General biology of a selected group of parasites chosen in consultation with students. Laboratory: group projects of experimental parasitological systems relevant to the students' general interests. Written report required. (Not offered 2002-03)

111. Parasitology
(5) Kuris
Prerequisites: EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 111. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
An ecological approach to parasitism. Survey of parasites of humans and other animals. Discussion of evolutionary, genetic, immunological, sociological, political, and economic aspects. Laboratory stresses anatomy and life cycles of living material. (W)

112. Invertebrate Zoology
(5) Kuris
Prerequisites: EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 112A. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
An introduction to the classification, structure, life histories, and habits of the major phyla of invertebrate animals (excluding annelids and arthropods), with emphasis on the marine fauna of the Santa Barbara area. (F)

113. Evolution and Ecology of Terrestrial Vertebrates
(2) Rothstein
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3; and concurrent enrollment in EEMB 113L.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 113A. Lecture, 2 hours.
Evolutionary and ecological principles as demonstrated by amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals; competition and other species interactions; diversity and systematics with special emphasis on speciation theory. (F)

113L. Laboratory and Fieldwork in Vertebrate Biology
(2) Rothstein
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 113.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 113AL. Laboratory, 3 hours; field, 3 hours.
Weekly field trips to numerous locations and laboratory work emphasizing classification, identification, and observation of local terrestrial vertebrates. Introduction to techniques such as trapping and banding to study vertebrates in the field. (F)

114. The Biology and Evolution of Plants
(5) Schneider
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 114. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
The structure, life-cycles and evolution of fossil and living vascular plants. Emphasis on such topics as the origin of land plants, early land plants, evolution of the ovule, siphonogamy, angiospermy, the flower and fruit. (S)

115. Plant Anatomy
(5) Schneider
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 113. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
An introduction to the anatomy of vascular plants. Fundamental descriptive, developmental, and comparative aspects of anatomy. (Not offered 2002-03)

116. Invertebrate Zoology: Higher Invertebrates
(5) Kuris
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 112B. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
An introduction to the classification, structure, life histories and habits of annelids and arthropods, with emphasis on the aquatic fauna of the Santa Barbara area. (S)

120. Introduction to Ecology
(4) Holbrook
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Letter grade required for majors. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 120. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Major concepts in population and evolutionary ecology. Theoretical, experimental, and field studies pertaining to population growth and regulation, competition, predation, diversity, adaptation, and life history strategies. (F)

120AL-BL. Field and Laboratory Studies in Ecology
(3-3) Holbrook
Prerequisite: EEMB 120 (may be taken concurrently).
A two-quarter in-progress course with grades for both quarters issued upon completion of EEMB 120BL. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 120AL-BL.
Practical studies in ecology in both field and laboratory. Individual projects will be empha-
sized. (F,W)

121. Field Ecology
(4) Holbrook
Prerequisite: Concurrent enrollment in EEMB 122 and 123; consent of instructor.
Designed to instruct and demonstrate to students the value and approaches of experimental field research using the hypothetico-deductive experimental approach. May be taken only as part of the White Mountain Research Supercourse. (S)

122. Applied Conservation Biology
(4) Holbrook
Prerequisite: Concurrent enrollment in EEMB 121 and 123; consent of instructor.
Designed to introduce students to the complexities and realities of natural resource exploitation and preservation, emphasizing the trade-offs between economic benefits and ecosystem stability and sustainability. May be taken only as part of the White Mountain Research Supercourse. (S)

123. Physiological Ecology
(4) Holbrook
Prerequisite: Concurrent enrollment in EEMB 121 and 122; consent of instructor.
An examination of the functional means by which animals and plants cope with their environments, the physiological limits that determine the boundary conditions of various ecological niches. Unifying principles that describe the regulatory features of all animals or plants emphasized. May be taken only as part of the White Mountain Research Super-
course. (S)

124. Biochemical Ecology
(4) Chapman
Prerequisite: MCDB 1A; and, EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B; and, EEMB 3. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Introduction to natural products . Discussion of the roles and functions of natural products in animal-plant, plant-plant, and plant-microbe interactions. (F)

125. Dynamics of Ecological Systems
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: EEMB 120.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 125. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Covers recent advances in analyzing the dynamics of ecological populations and communities based on the properties of individual organisms. Relates evolution, physiology, and behavior to dynamics. (S)

126MM. Molecular Modeling in Pharmacology
(3) Jacobs, Aue
Prerequisite: MCDB 126A. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory, 4 hours.
Computer-assisted molecular modeling and computational chemistry for a better understanding of drug-receptor interactions and drug-design. (S)

127. Introduction to Botany
(4) Mazer
Prerequisite: EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 127. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Introduction to plant biology; the importance of plants to humans; taxonomic and ecological diversity; and evolutionary processes. Will serve as a foundation for all upper-division plant biology courses. Emphasis on life history variation; pollination; reproduction and mating strategies. (W)

127L. Laboratory for Introduction to Botany
(2) Mazer
Prerequisites: EEMB 3; EEMB 127 (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 127L. Laboratory, 6 hours.
Computer, lab, greenhouse, and field experience in studies of plant anatomy, physiology, reproduction, pollination, morphology, and adaptation to different environments. Live material and herbarium collections used to demonstrate plant diversity, speciation, and genetic variation. Independent and team projects. (Not offered 2002-03)

129. Introductory Genetics
(4) Hodges, Bush
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3 with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 130A-B or MCDB 101A-B. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Introduction to genetics. Mendel's laws, structure, replication and expression of DNA, linkage and chromosomal aberrations, mutation and recombination, concepts of genetic variability, quantitative and population genetics. (W)

130. Population Genetics
(4) Endler
Prerequisite: MCDB 1A with a grade of C or better.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 130C.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 129. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
The consequences of Mendelian principles in diploid populations, including quantitative genetics, genetic correlations, gene frequency, change under selection, the effects of mutation on populations, gene interactions in fitness, and ecological
genetics. (S)

131. Principles of Evolution
(4) Sweet
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B, or Geology 2 and 3.
Same course as Geology 121. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 131. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
A foundation course concerning the mechanisms of evolution at micro- and macroevolutionary levels, and interpretation of the resulting patterns of adaptation and organic diversity. (W)

132. Molecular Markers and Evolution
(4) Hodges
Prerequisites: EEMB 131; and EEMB 129 or MCDB 101A-B.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 130. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
This course traces the development of molecular markers and their influence on studies of evolutionary processes including identification of mating patterns, reconstruction of phylogenies and analyses of hybrid zones. Discussion of techniques for obtaining markers. (Not offered 2002-03)

132L. Molecular Markers and EvolutionLaboratory
(2) Hodges
Prerequisite: Concurrent enrollment in EEMB 132. Laboratory, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Generation and application of molecular genetic markers to questions in ecology and evolution. Techniques covered include the isolation of DNA, the development of a variety of markers, and methods of analysis. (Not offered 2002-03)

133. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology
(4) Andelman
Prerequisite: EEMB 3.
Same course as Environmental Studies 133. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 133. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Field methods, literature, computer use, and underlying theory important to biodiversity research. Use of preserved and living collections by ecologists, conservation biologists, and evolutionists to detect evolutionary processes and threats to biological communities; to measure ecological processes and biodiversity. Field trips. (Not offered 2002-03)

134. Phycology
(5) Chapman
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 134. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
Overview on the biology of macroalgae and phytoplankton, with emphasis on living and adapting in the various environments. Topics include form-function, ecophysiology, unique aspects of biochemistry, antiherbivore strategies, applied phycology and mariculture. (W)

135. Evolutionary Ecology
(4) Mazer
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 135, Zoology 139 or Botany 150. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion 1 hour.
Introduction to variation and evolution in higher organisms with an emphasis on the detection of natural selection and other evolutionary processes in wild species. Life-history patterns (fecundity, mortality, sexual expression), behavior, coevolution, and other aspects of species interactions. (S)

135L. Evolutionary Ecology of Plants Field Laboratory
(2) Mazer
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3; and EEMB 135 (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 135L or Botany 150L. Discussion, 1 hour; laboratory, 3 hours.
Introduction to the analysis of experiments designed to detect evolutionary processes under field conditions. Experimental design, data analysis, and computer aided instruction in graphical presentation of data and statistical programs. (Not offered 2002-03)

136. Principles of Paleontology
(3) Tiffney
Same course as Geology 111. Letter grade required for majors. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 111.
Recommended preparation: a beginning biology course. Lecture, 3 hours.
The ecological structure and evolution of the biosphere as illustrated by the fossil record.

136L. Principles of Paleontology Laboratory
(2) Tiffney
Prerequisite: EEMB 136 (may be taken concurrently).
Same course as Geology 111L. Letter grade required for majors. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 111L. Laboratory, 6 hours.
Exercises and projects in the identification and interpretation of fossil taxa and fossil communities.

137. Plant Paleobiology
(3) Tiffney
Prerequisite: EEMB 136 or Geological Sciences 111 or upper-division standing.
Same course as Geology 141. Letter grade required for majors. Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 110.
Recommended preparation: upper-division standing in Geology or Biological Sciences. Lecture, 3 hours.
Examination of the history of land plants; the systematics, morphology, and phylogeny of major groups. Major evolution and biogeographic patterns.

137L. Plant Paleobiology Laboratory
(1) Tiffney
Prerequisite: EEMB 137 (may be taken concurrently).
Same course as Geology 141L. Letter grade required for majors. Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 110L. Laboratory, 3 hours.
Anatomy, morphology, and systematics of fossil plants from the specimens.

138. Ethology and Behavioral Ecology
(5) Rothstein, Warner
Prerequisite: EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 138. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour; laboratory, 3 hours.
Animal behavior and social organization viewed from evolutionary and whole animal perspectives. Specific topics stress environmental influences and natural selection and include: classical ethology, development and learning, communication, foraging, aggression, territoriality, mating systems, parental care, altruism, and sociobiology. (W)

139. Sensory Ecology and Evolution
(4) Endler
Prerequisite: MCDB 1A; EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B, and EEMB 3; and Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B.
Recommended preparation: Physics 6A-B-C. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 2 hours.
Sensory mechanisms, their ecological/evolutionary consequences, vision and other senses in natural environments, composition of visual backgrounds, perception of pattern, animal communication, predator-prey relationships, detection of prey/territorial neighbors/mates, polymorphism, detecting, measuring, and predicting natural selection, response to changing environments. (W)

140. General Plant Ecology
(4) Mahall
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 140. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An introduction to the principles of plant
ecology. (F)

140L. General Plant Ecology Lab
(2) Mahall
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3; and EEMB 140 (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 140L. Laboratory and field, 6 hours.
Field and laboratory research techniques. (F)

141. Physiological Plant Ecology
(6) Mahall
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B; and, EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 141. Lecture, 4 hours; laboratory, 3 hours.
A study of the environmental and physiological parameters of plant distributions and niches. (S)

142A. Aquatic Communities
(4) Cooper, Schmitt
Prerequisites: EEMB 1A, EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B, and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 145C.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 120. Lecture, 3 hours.
A survey of the patterns of distribution, diversity, and abundance of species in marine and freshwater communities, with an emphasis on the dynamic interactions which shape these patterns. Applied aspects: fisheries, mariculture. (F)

142AL. Methods of Aquatic Community Ecology
(3) Schmitt,Cooper
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 142A.
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 145CL. Laboratory, 6 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Experience in the field techniques of aquatic community ecology. (F)

142B. Environmental Processes in Oceans and Lakes
(4) MacIntyre, Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 145A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
A discussion of biological, chemical, physical, and optical processes in marine and freshwater environments and the linkage between these processes. Emphasis on primary production, global biogeochemical cycles, nutrient dynamics, and synoptic mapping of biological and physical
patterns. (W)

142BL. Chemical and Physical Methods of Aquatic Environments
(3) MacIntyre
Prerequisite: EEMB 142B (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 145AL. Laboratory, 8 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
A survey of physical and chemical methods used by limnologists and oceanographers supplemented with field observations. (W)

142C. Environmental Processes in Oceans and Lakes
(4) Brzezinski, Staff
Prerequisite: EEMB 142B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 145B. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
A continuation of EEMB 142B with emphasis on secondary productivity, ecology of higher trophic levels including zooplankton and fish, food web dynamics, benthic-pelagic coupling, ocean circulation, and biogeographical aspects of pelagic communities. (S)

142CL. Methods of Aquatic Biology
(3) Brzezinski, Staff
Prerequisite: EEMB 142C (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 145BL Laboratory, 6 hours; field, 3 hours.
Laboratory and field techniques used to measure various biological processes including productivity, and to sample, identify, enumerate, and culture marine organisms. (S)

143. Ecological Physiology
(3) Childress
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 143. Lecture, 3 hours.
Consideration of the physiological responses and adaptations of animals to their environments. Emphasis on the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms. A comparative approach in nature emphasizing aquatic animals. (S)

143L. Laboratory in Ecological Physiology
(2) Childress
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 143.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 143L. Laboratory, 6 hours.
Semi-independent study lab to accompany EEMB 143. Study of the physiological responses and adaptations of animals to their environment. Aquatic animals emphasized. (S)

144. Marine Microbiology
(4) Carlson
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 142.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 145A-B or MCDB 131. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Exploration of evolution, ecology, biochemistry, and genetics of marine bacteria. Topics include: historical perspective, molecular approaches in microbial ecology, trophic interactions/biogeochemistry, physiological adaptations, and biochemistry and genetics of selected systems (bioluminescence, deep-sea adaptations, cell-surface interactions, starvation survival).(F)

144L. Marine Microbiology Lab
(2) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3; concurrent enrollment in EEMB 144 or 145A.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 142L. Laboratory, 6 hours.
A laboratory survey of the diversity, physiology and ecology of marine prokaryotes, and methods used to identify, quantify and measure their activities. (Not offered 2002-03)

146. Biometry
(4) Stewart-Oaten
Prerequisites: Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B; and, EEMB 30 or PSTAT 5.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 146A or EEMB 146A. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours.
Linear models and least squares fitting: simple and multiple linear regression; analysis of variance (fixed, random, and mixed models; crossed and nested effects; balanced and unbalanced designs); analysis of covariance, factorial designs; incomplete layouts; use of transformations. (F)

147. Biology of Coral Reefs
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: EEMB 112 and 145A-B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 147. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours.
An intensive discussion of coral reefs, including their paleontology, geomorphology and geochemistry, population biology, and physiology. (Not offered 2002-03)

148. Ecology of Running Waters
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: EEMB 145B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 148. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Review of literature on the physics, chemistry, and biology of running water ecosystems. (W)

148L. Investigations in Stream Ecology
(3) Staff
Prerequisite: EEMB 145AL; and EEMB 148 (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 148L. Laboratory, 6 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Introduction to field methods used in lotic ecology. Design and execution of research projects emphasized. (W)

149. Mariculture for the 21st Century: Research Frontiers
(4) Chapman, Staff
Prerequisite: upper-division standing.
Same course as MCDB 149. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 149. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion 1 hour.
Recent progress and new directions in research increasing production of valuable marine animals, plants and microorganisms. Control of reproduction, development, growth and disease in marine species; problems encountered in commercializing production; regional and biological solutions; the role of modern biotechnology. (S)

151. Photosynthesis and Primary Productivity
(3) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3 and 145A-B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 151. Lecture, 3 hours.
Introduction to the process of photosynthesis and discussion of the ecological/physiological aspects of determining primary production in aquatic
systems. (S)

152. Applied Marine Ecology
(5) Schmitt, Staff
Prerequisites: Environmental Studies 100, or EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B, or EEMB 3; and Mathematics 34A.
Same course as Environmental Studies 152. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 152.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 120. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 2 hours.
Introduction to the application of ecological principles and methods to environmental problems in marine habitats. Focus on problems that are local, regional, and global in scale. Concepts illustrated with case studies. (W)

153. Ecology of Lakes and Wetlands
(3) Melack
Prerequisite: EEMB 120 or 145A. Lecture, 3 hours.
An examination of ecological aspects of lakes, wetlands, and their catchments integrating biogeochemical processes, biological-physical coupling, and population and community ecology. Applications of remote sensing and ecological models; human-caused impacts and their management. (S)

154. Integrative Physiology
(4) Suarez
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3; and, Chemistry 109A-B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 153A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
A rigorous introduction to how animals function, integrating information and concepts appropriate to the understanding of physiological processes from the level of molecules to whole organisms. (F)

155. Biochemical Adaptation to the Environment
(5) Suarez
Prerequisite: EEMB 154 or MCDB 108A or 108B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 153B. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour; laboratory, 3 hours.
Biochemical mechanisms of physiological and evolutionary adaptation to temperature, pressure, diet and food, availability, locomotory activity, and oxygen availability. (W)

156. Biology of Reproduction
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 156. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Examination of hormonal mechanisms regulating initiation/maintenance of reproductive function in vertebrates. Review of regulation of fertilization/pregnancy/parturition. Endocrine aspects do not duplicate topics covered in EEMB 155, and provide background in physiology for MCDB 126B. (S)

157. Cell Physiology
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An analysis of processes fundamental to the functioning of cells, using actual examples from the Protista. These processes include, but are not limited to, membrane structure and function, motility, metabolite transport, protein trafficking, energy acquisition and utilization. (Not offered 2002-03)

158. Island Biology
(3) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 158. Lecture, 3 hours.
Dispersal to islands and evolutionary tendencies on islands (e.g. adaptive radiation, flightlessness, etc.); biogeography, geology, quantitative and experimental studies, conservation, and extinction on islands. (Not offered 2002-03)

159. Tropical Ecology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: EEMB 120 or 145C.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 159. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Examination of ecological processes in terrestrial and aquatic tropical environments. (W)

160. Neural Basis of Behavior
(4) Case
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Sensory, motor, and central nervous systems of important models from among marine invertebrates, insects and vertebrates with emphasis on orientation, locomotion, food search, predator-prey and intraspecific interactions. (F)

161. Size in Biology
(3) Sweet
Prerequisite: EEMB 108.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 161. Lecture, 2 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An examination of the role played by body size in morphology, physiology, and ecology stressing the influence of the surface/volume disparity and variation in size on principles of structural and functional design. (Not offered 2002-03)

163. Deep-Sea Biology
(3) Childress
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, MCDB 1B and EEMB 2; and EEMB 3.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 153 or EEMB 153. Lecture, 3 hours.
Consideration of the biology of midwater and benthic organisms living beneath the euphotic zone. Emphasis on dynamic aspects of biological processes in this unique environment. Surveys of major deep-sea taxa and the history of deep-sea biology are included. (Not offered 2002-03)

164. Marine Pharmacology
(4) Jacobs
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B; and, EEMB 3.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 129 or MCDB 101A, and Chemistry 107A or 130A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
A comprehensive examination of unique natural product probes and toxins that define physiological pathways and serve as a basis for modern pharmacology. (F)

164L. Marine Pharmacology Laboratory
(3) Jacobs, Collins
Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 164. Laboratory, 8 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Characterizing physiological pathways in isolated tissues, organs, and intact animal preparations using natural probes. (W)

164S. Introduction to Molecular Modeling for Pharmacology
(1) Jacobs
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-1B and EEMB 2; and Chemistry 1A-B-C; and, Chemistry 109A-B-C.
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 126AS or MCDB 126AS.
Recommended preparation: MCDB 108A (may be taken concurrently). Laboratory, 3 hours.
Concepts in molecular modeling and drug-receptor interactions using 3-D computer graphics. (F)

170. Biology of the Marine-Land Interface
(4) Page
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B; and EEMB 3.
Letter grade required for majors. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 141.
Influence of physical factors on adaptations of shoreline organisms with emphasis on the arthropods. (SS)

171. Ecosystem Processes
(4) Schimel
Prerequisites: Environmental Studies 100 or EEMB 2 or MCDB 1B.
Same course as Environmental Studies 171. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 171.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 120. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An examination of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Specific foci will include: a) plant-soil linkages including decomposition and nutrient supply, and b) the role of above- and below-ground community composition on element cycles. (W)

173. Global Ecology
(4) Gaines
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B; and EEMB 3. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Examination of large scale patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function in the context of past and present global change and of the scientific evidence for human alteration of natural ecological patterns. (S)

176. Advanced Biostatistics
(3) Rice
Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 176L; consent of instructor. Lecture, 3 hours.
Accelerated overview of parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques that are used in the biological sciences. The course unifies nearly all traditional statistical tests by expressing them all as a single unified testing protocol. (Not offered 2002-03)

176L. Advanced Biostatistics Laboratory
(2) Rice
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 176. Laboratory, 3 hours; discussion 1 hour.
Students use computerized sampling to evaluate the robustness and power of a wide diversity of parametric vs. nonparametric tests. Students also learn to use computerized software to carry out all the tests described in the lecture class. (Not offered 2002-03)

177. Advanced Evolutionary Genetics
(4) Rice
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion 1 hour.
Accelerated overview of single locus, quantitative, and molecular genetics that is associated with the evolutionary process. Quantification of genetic structure of populations and the processes of selection, migration, mutation, and drift. Readings from relevant scientific literature are discussed each week. (S)

178. Statistical Methods in Field Ecology
(4) Stewart-Oaten
Prerequisite: EEMB 146 or PSTAT 133A. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 2 hours.
Sampling to estimate abundance, including transect, mark-recapture, probability and adaptive sampling; multivariate methods for exploration and display; introduction to time series and spatial statistics. (W)

179. Modeling Environmental and Ecological Change
(4) Staff
Prerequisites: Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 179. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours.
An introduction to mathematical and computer models in studies of the natural environment with emphasis on population dynamics. Case studies of interacting physical, chemical and biological phenomena. (F)

179H. Ecological Modeling­Honors
(1) Staff
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 179 and consent of instructor. Discussion, 1 hour.
Honors component of EEMB 179 designed to permit an in-depth study involving formulation, analysis and interpretation of an ecological model. A written report on the work is required. (F)

183. Introduction to Teaching in Biology
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing and consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 5 units in combination with MCDB 183 but no units may be applied toward the major.
Students will assist instructor in teaching course in which the student previously received a grade of A or better. Activities will be determined in consultation with the instructor and may include leading discussion, laboratory, or tutorial section(s), attending lectures and grading exams.

184. Internship in Biological Sciences
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing and consent of department.
Students must have a 2.5 cumulative grade-point-average. Course may be repeated for credit to a maximum of 15 units. Maximum units for credit defined on major sheets.
Opportunity to obtain practical biological related research experience by working under faculty direction as an intern with local, state, federal, or private agencies. A written report will be submitted for evaluation.

185. Field Work in Oceanography
(1-8) Prezelin
Prerequisites: EEMB 145A or 145B; and consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 8 units but only 4 units may be applied toward the major.
Participation as a member of a scientific party on Scripps Institution (UCSD), NMFS, and UCSB oceanographic cruises. Cruise duration is variable (7 to 60 days), and course units will vary with cruise duration. Supervision by scientific party leader. Report required. (F,W,S,SS)

186. Restoration Ecology
(2-4) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing; consent of instructor.
Units require greenhouse, nursery, and field work at various times and places; weekly seminar participation, and a paper. Lecture, 1 hour; field,
5-15 hours.
Planning, design, implementation, and monitoring of ecological projects (habitat restoration and creation, enhancement of ecosystem functions, recovery of endangered species) at campus-associated habitats and biotic communities including estuarine wetlands, vernal pools, freshwater marshes, coastal scrub, grasslands, oak woodlands.

187. Pharmacology Colloquia
(1) Jacobs, Wilson
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A; and, EEMB 2 and MCDB 1B; and EEMB 3.
Same course as MCDB 187. May be repeated for credit to a maximum of 4 units but only 2 units may be applied toward the major. Seminar, 1 hour.
Lectures on active research programs in pharmacology in the federal, state, and private research sectors. (W,S)

192. Special Topics in Biological Sciences
(1-4) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing in EEMB OR MCDB and consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 192 and MCDB 192. Maximum units for credit in major: 8 for BS; 4 for BA. Lecture, 1 to 4 hours.
Special topics of current importance in biological sciences. Course content will vary. Information may be obtained in department office.

194AA-ZZ. Group Studies for Advanced Students
(2) Staff
Prerequisites: upper-division standing and consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 194AA-ZZ and MCDB 194AA-ZZ to a maximum of 8 units. Individual letter designations may be repeated for credit to a maximum of 4 units. Maximum units for credit defined on major sheets. Seminar, 2 hours.
Oral reports by students.
AA. Evolutionary Ecology: Warner.
AL. Energetics of Animal Locomotion: Suarez.
B. Manipulating Reproduction: Collins.
BN. Behavioral Neurobiology: Case.
C. Systematics: Sweet.
CE. Community Ecology: Gaines, Cooper.
D. Plant Ecology: Mahall; Schimel.
DD. Endocrinology: Collins.
DL. Contemporary Approaches to Marine Biology.
EE. Symbiosis.
EG. Evolutionary Genetics: Rice.
EN. Environmental Endocrinology: Collins.
ET. Ecological Toxicology: Holbrook; Nisbet; Schmitt.
EV. Evolutionary Biology: Mazer; Endler; Rothstein; Warner; Hodges; Sweet.
FF. Photosynthesis: Prezelin.
GG. Evolutionary Morphology: Sweet.
J. Evolutionary and Behavioral Ecology of Vertebrates: Rothstein.
M. Reproductive Ecology and Evolution: Mazer; Hodges.
MR. Metabolic Regulation: Suarez.
O. Ecological Genetics: Endler.
Q. Aquatic Biology: Cooper; Melack.
S. Plant Systematics and Evolution: Schneider; Wilken.
T. Parasitology: Kuris.
TE. Theoretical Ecology and Evolution: Nisbet.
Z. Ecological Physiology: Childress.

197. Directed Studies
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: a major within EEMB; consent of department; upper-division standing; completion of two upper-division courses in MCDB or EEMB.
Students must have a minimum grade-point average of 2.5 in upper-division major courses and are limited to a maximum of 12 units in EEMB 197 and MCDB 197 combined. Maximum units for credit defined on major sheets. See also credit limits with other courses in description of major requirements.
Hours and credit by arrangement with any faculty member. (F,W,S)

198. Directed Readings
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: a major within EEMB; consent of department; upper-division standing; completion of two upper-division courses in MCDB or EEMB.
Students must have a minimum grade-point average of 3.0 in upper-division major courses and are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 98/99/198/199/199DC/199RA courses combined. Maximum units for credit in major: 8 for BS; 4 for BA. See also credit limits with other course in description of major requirements. Tutorial, 1-5 hours.
Individual conferences one hour every two weeks. Special readings designed to broaden the outlook of students and to knit into a cohesive whole the basic principles underlying the major disciplines in the field. (F,W,S)

199. Independent Studies
(1-5) Staff
Prerequisites: a major within EEMB; consent of department; upper-division standing; completion of two upper-division courses in MCDB or EEMB.
Students must have a minimum grade-point average of 3.0 in upper-division major courses and are limited to 5 units per quarter and 30 units total in all 98/99/198/199/199DC/199RA courses combined. Maximum units for credit in major: 8 for BS; 4 for BA. See also credit limits with other course in description of major requirements. Tutorial, 1-3 hours; field, 1-5 hours.
Hours and credit by arrangement with any faculty member. Laboratory or field. (F,W,S)

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Graduate Courses

211. Parasitology
(5) Kuris
Prerequisites: EEMB 2-2L or MCDB 1B-BL; and
EEMB 3-3L or equivalents.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 211. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
An ecological approach to parasitism. Survey of parasites of humans and other animals. Discussion of evolutionary, genetic, immunological, sociological, political, and economic aspects. Laboratory stresses anatomy and life cycles of living material. (W)

212. Topics in Parasitology
(3) Kuris
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 212. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory, 3 hours.
Consideration of theoretical aspects of parasite ecology, evolution, and physiology. General biology of a selected group of parasites chosen in consultation with students. Laboratory: individualized study of parasitological aspects relevant to students' general interests. An oral and written report are required. (Not offered 2002-03)

222. Experimental Design Workshop
(2) Gaines, Rice
Prerequisite: introductory course in statistics. Seminar, 2 hours.
A workshop for graduate students focusing on statistical issues in the design and analysis of ecological experiments. Includes extensive analyses of real data sets supplied by the students. Specific topics vary each year. (S)

225. Dynamics of Ecological Systems
(4) Murdoch
Prerequisite: EEMB 120.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 225. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Covers recent advances in analyzing the dynamics of ecological populations and communities based on the properties of individual organisms. Relates evolution, physiology, and behavior to dynamics. (S)

226MM. Molecular Modeling in Pharmacology
(3) Jacobs, Aue
Prerequisite: EEMB 126A or 226A, or organic chemistry. Lecture, 2 hours, laboratory 4 hours.
Computer-assisted molecular modeling and computational chemistry as a tool for understanding concepts in pharmacology including drug-receptor interactions and drug design. (S)

230. Population Genetics
(4) Endler
Prerequisites: MCDB 101A-B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 230C. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
The consequences of Mendelian principles in diploid populations, including quantitative genetics, genetic correlations, gene frequency, change under selection, the effects of mutation on populations, gene interactions in fitness, and ecological
genetics. (S)

232. Molecular Markers and Evolution
(4) Hodges
Prerequisites: EEMB 131; and, EEMB 129 or MCDB 101A-B.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 130.
This course traces the development of molecular markers and their influence on studies of evolutionary processes including identification of mating patterns, reconstruction of phylogenies and analyses of hybrid zones. Discussion of techniques for obtaining markers. (Not offered 2002-03)

232L. Molecular Markers and EvolutionLaboratory
(2) Hodges
Prerequisite: Concurrent enrollment in EEMB 232. Laboratory, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Generation and application of molecular genetic markers to questions in ecology and evolution. Techniques covered include the isolation of DNA, the development of a variety of markers, and methods of analysis. (Not offered 2002-03)

233. Evolutionary Ecology
(4) Mazer
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and EEMB 3-3L or equivalents.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 250 or Biology 233.
Introduction to variation and evolution in higher organisms with an emphasis on the detection of natural selection and other evolutionary processes in wild species. Life-history patterns (fecundity, mortality, sexual expression), behavior, coevolution, and other aspects of species interactions.

233L. Evolutionary Ecology of Plants Field Lab
(2) Mazer
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and EEMB 3-3L or equivalents; and EEMB 233 (may be taken concurrently).
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 250L or Biology 233L.
Introduction to the analysis of experiments designed to detect evolutionary processes under field conditions. Experimental design, data analysis, and computer aided instruction in graphical presentation of data and statistical programs will be covered. (S)

234. Phycology
(5) Chapman
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and EEMB 3-3L, or equivalents.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 234.
Overview on the biology of macroalgae and phytoplankton, with emphasis on living and adapting in the various environments. Topics include form-function, ecophysiology, unique aspects of biochemistry, antiherbivore strategies, applied phycology and mariculture. (W)

235. Current Topics in Phycology
(3) Chapman
Prerequisite: graduate standing. Seminar, 3 hours.
Discussion of current research on algae and their economic uses. (F)

241. Advanced Physiological Plant Ecology
(7) Mahall
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and EEMB 3-3L; and EEMB 140 or one course in plant physiology.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Botany 241. Lecture, 4 hours; laboratory, 6 hours.
A study of the environmental and physiological parameters of plant distributions and niches with special reference to methods. (S)

243. Biological Oceanography
(3) Brzezinski
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 243. Lecture, 3 hours.
Current concepts in biological oceanography focusing on the coupling of biotic processes to ocean physics, chemistry and sedimentation. Emphasis on areas of active research with critical evaluation of current and seminal literature. (F)

244. Marine Microbiology
(4) Carlson
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and, EEMB 3-3L; and, MCDB 110, 131, EEMB 145A-B-C; and, Chemistry 1A-B-C; or equivlent.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 252. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Exploration of evolution, ecology, biochemistry, and genetics of marine bacteria. Topics include: historical perspective, molecular approaches in microbial ecology, trophic interactions/biogeochemistry, physiological adaptations, and biochemistry and genetics of selected systems (bioluminescence, deep-sea adaptation, cell-surface interactions, starvation survival). (W)

244L. Marine Microbiology Laboratory
(2) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and EEMB 3-3L; and, EEMB 144 (may be taken concurrently) or EEMB 145A; consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 252L. Laboratory, 6 hours.
A laboratory survey of the diversity, physiology and ecology of marine prokaryotes, and methods used to identify, quantify and measure their activities. (Not offered 2002-03)

245. Advanced Population Biology
(4) Nisbet
Prerequisites: one course in ecology and consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 245. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
A in-depth look at selected aspects of population and community dynamics of organisms. Extensive reading of original papers. (Not offered 2002-03)

246. Biometry
(4) Stewart-Oaten
Prerequisites: Mathematics 3A-B or 34A-B or equivalent; and EEMB 30 or equivalent.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 246A or EEMB 246A. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours.
Linear models and least squares fitting: simple and multiple linear regression; analysis of variance (fixed, random and mixed models; crossed and nested effects; balanced and unbalanced designs); analysis of covariance, factorial designs; incomplete layouts; use of transformations. (F)

248. Ecology of Running Waters
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: EEMB 145B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 248. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion 1 hour.
Review of literature on the physics, chemistry, and biology of running water ecosystems.

248L. Investigations in Stream Ecology
(3) Staff
Prerequisites: EEMB 145AL.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 248L. Laboratory, 3 hours; lecture, 1 hour.
Introduction to field methods used in lotic ecology. Design and execution of research projects emphasized.

249. Mariculture: Research Frontiers in Farming the Sea
(4) Collins, Chapman
Prerequisite: graduate standing.
Same course as MCDB 249. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 249. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Recent progress and new directions in research increasing production of valuable marine animals, plants and microorganisms. Control of reproduction, development, growth and disease in marine species; problems encountered in commercializing production; regional and biological solutions; the role of modern biotechnology. (S)

250. Photosynthesis and Primary Production
(3) Staff
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and, EEMB 3-3L; and Chemistry
1A-B-C.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 250. Lecture, 3 hours.
Introduction to the process of photosynthesis and discussion of the ecological/physiological aspects
of determining primary production in aquatic
systems. (Not offered 2002-03)

253. Ecology of Lakes and Wetlands
(4) Melack
Prerequisite: EEMB 120 or 145A. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
An examination of ecological aspects of lakes, wetlands and their physical coupling and population and community ecology. Applications of remote sensing and ecological models; human-caused impacts and their management.

255. Biochemical Adaptation to the Environment
(5) Suarez
Prerequisite: EEMB 154 or MCDB 108A or 108B. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour; laboratory, 3 hours.
Biochemical mechanisms of physiological and evolutionary adaptation to temperature, pressure, diet and food availability, locomotory activity, and oxygen availability. (W)

259. Tropical Ecology
(4) Staff
Prerequisite: one course in introductory ecology.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 259. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion 1 hour.
Examination of ecological processes in terrestrial and aquatic tropical environments. (W)

264. Marine Pharmacology
(4) Jacobs
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
History and scope of the use of natural product probes in biology and their relationship to physiology, chemistry, and biochemistry. (F)

264L. Marine Pharmacology Laboratory
(4) Jacobs, Collins
Prerequisites: consent of instructor. Laboratory, 8 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Characterizing physiological pathways in isolated tissues, organs, and intact animal preparations using natural probes. (W)

264S. Introduction to Molecular Modeling for Pharmacology
(1) Jacobs
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 264.
Not open for credit to students who have completed EEMB 226AS or MCDB 226AS. Laboratory, 3 hours.
Concepts in molecular modeling and drug-receptor interactions using 3-D computer
graphics. (F)

266. Biology of Reproduction
(4) Collins
Prerequisites: MCDB 1A-AL; and, MCDB 1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L; and EEMB 3-3L.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Zoology 156 or EEMB 156.
Examination of hormonal mechanisms regulating initiation/maintenance of reproductive function in vertebrates. Review of regulation of fertilization/pregnancy/parturition. Endocrine aspects do not duplicate topics covered in EEMB 155, and provides background in physiology for MCDB 226B. (S)

269. Literature in Pharmacology
(1) Jacobs, Wilson
Prerequisite: graduate standing in biological sciences.
Same course as MCDB 269. Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 269. Seminar, 1 hour.
Critical reading and presentation of current literature in topics on pharmacology. (F,W,S)

271. Ecosystem Processes
(4) Schimel
Prerequisite: Environmental Studies 13 or MCDB
1B-BL or EEMB 2-2L.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 271.
Recommended preparation: EEMB 120. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion 1 hour.
An examination of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Specific foci will include plant soil linkages including decomposition and nutrient supply, and the role of above- and below-ground community composition on element cycles. (W)

272. Evolution, Adaptation and Differentiation of Pharmacophores.
(4) Chapman, Jacobs
Prerequisite: graduate standing or open to pharmacology majors with consent of instructor.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 272.
Analysis of phylogenetically significant pathways of natural product and hormone biosynthesis. (Not offered 2002-03)

276. Advanced Biostatistics
(3) Rice
Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 276L; graduate standing. Lecture, 3 hours.
Accelerated overview of parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques that are used in the biological sciences. The course unifies nearly all traditional statistical tests by expressing them all as a single unified testing protocol. (Not offered 2002-03)

276L. Advanced Biostatistics Laboratory
(2) Rice
Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in EEMB 276. Laboratory, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Students use computerized sampling to measure the robustness and power of a wide diversity of parametric vs. nonparametric tests. Students also learn to use computerized software to carry out all the tests described in the lecture class. (Not offered 2002-03)

277. Advanced Evolutionary Genetics
(4) Rice
Prerequisite: graduate standing. Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour.
Accelerated overview of single locus, quantitative, and molecular genetics that is associated with the evolutionary process. Quantification of genetic structure of populations and the processes of selection, migration, mutation, and drift. Readings from relevant scientific literature are discussed each week. (S)

278. Statistical Methods in Field Ecology
(4) Stewart-Oaten
Prerequisite: EEMB 146A and PSTAT 133A. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 2 hours.
Sampling to estimate abundance, including transect, mark-recapture, probability and adaptive sampling; multivariate methods for exploration and display; introduction to time series and spatial statistics. (W)

279. Modeling Environmental and Ecological Change
(4) Nisbet
Prerequisites: Mathematics 34A-B or 3A-B.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 279.
An introduction to mathematical and computer models in studies of the natural environment with emphasis on population dynamics. Case studies of interacting physical, chemical, and biological phenomena. (F)

285. Fieldwork in Oceanography
(1-8) Prezelin
Prerequisites: upper-division courses in aquatic biology and/or geology.
Not open for credit to students who have completed Biology 285. Field, variable hours.
Participation as a member of the scientific party on Scripps Institution (UCSD), NMFS, and UCSB oceanographic cruises. Cruise duration is variable (7 to 60 days), and course units will vary with cruise duration. Supervision by scientific party leader. Report required. (F,W,S,SS)

290. Introduction to Faculty Research
(2) Staff
Strongly encouraged for all first year graduate students; open to continuing graduate students; open to undergraduates by consent of instructor. Seminar, 2 hours.
Presentation and discussion of current EEMB faculty research. Informal discussions follow weekly faculty member research presentations. Exposes graduate students to the breadth of departmental research, facilitates graduate-faculty interaction, and offers an intellectual setting for student interaction.

292. Advanced Special Topics in Biological Sciences
(1-4) Staff
Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 292. Lecture, 1 to 4 hours.
Special topics of current importance in biological sciences. Course content will vary. Information on course content may be obtained in the department office.

295A. Soils and Ecosystems
(3) Chadwick, Schimel
Prerequisite: graduate standing.
Same course as Geography 295A. Seminar, 3 hours.
Development of the links between the biological and inorganic components of the soil. Water availability and nutrients control plant and soil microbial communities. These in turn affect the soil by enhancing weathering and modifying the local chemical environment. (W)

500. Teaching Assistant Orientation
(1) Staff
Required of all teaching assistants. No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 500. Workshop, 1 hour.
General orientation regarding the University of California and the Santa Barbara campus; various pertinent regulations, officials and their functions, staff and functions; services available to teaching assistants and to students. Prospective teaching assistants are encouraged to take this course during the fall quarter prior to their employment. (F)

501. Practicum in Instruction
(1-4) Staff
Prerequisite: concurrent teaching assistant employment.
No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 501.
Practical experience in teaching within specified areas of biology. Students will have responsibility for one or more laboratory and/or discussion sections. Staff will periodically observe teaching assistants in actual teaching situations. Evaluation forms will be completed by members of the class sections. (F,W,S)

502. Techniques of Teaching and Laboratory Class Supervision
(1-2) Eardley, Cooper
Prerequisite: concurrent teaching assistant employment.
Required of all teaching assistants. No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 502. Discussion, 1 hour.
Weekly discussion and readings on techniques of teaching including lecturing, leading discussions, writing and grading exams, student-teacher interactions, classroom dynamics, and teaching philosophy. (F,W)

503. Research Practicum in Biology
(1-2) Staff
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 503. Tutorial, 1-2 hours.
Basic procedures and methods of research in a specified area as determined by consultation between the supervising faculty member and the research assistant. Includes weekly meetings and consultations, and formal evaluations. (F,W,S)

590. Current Research in Population Biology
(2) Mazer
Prerequisite: graduate standing.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 590.
Presentation and discussion of recent work in ecology, evolution, behavioral ecology, evolutionary ecology, physiological ecology, and marine biology, by eminent and nationally and internationally well known biologists. Optional individual discussion in addition to formal lecture.

595AA-ZZ. Group Studies
(2) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 595AA-ZZ and MCDB 595AA-ZZ to a maximum of 8 units. Individual letter designations may be repeated for credit to a maximum of 4 units. Seminar, 2 hours.
A critical review of research in selected fields of biology. Subject matter for those seminars will be selected from the following list:
AA. Evolutionary Ecology: Warner
AL. Energetics of Animal Locomotion: Suarez
B. Manipulating Reproduction: Collins
BN. Behavioral Neurobiology: Case
C. Systematics: Sweet
CE. Community Ecology: Gaines; Schmitt; Cooper; Holbrook
D. Plant Ecology: Mahall; Schimel
DL. Contemporary Approaches to Marine Biology: Staff
EE. Symbiosis
EG: Evolutionary Genetics: Rice
EN. Environmental Endocrinology: Collins
ET. Ecological Toxicology: Holbrook; Nisbet; Schmitt
EV. Evolutionary Biology: Mazer; Endler; Rothstein; Warner; Sweet
FF. Photosynthesis: Prezelin
GC. Global Change and Ecology; Gaines
GG. Evolutionary Morphology: Sweet
J. Evolutionary and Behavioral Ecology of Vertebrates: Rothstein
K. Biometry: Stewart-Oaten
L. Philosophy of Science: Alldredge
M. Reproductive Ecology and Evolution: Mazer
MR. Metabolic Regulation: Suarez
MS. Marine Science: Prezelin, Alldredge, Brzezinski
O. Ecological Genetics: Endler
P. Advanced Population Ecology: Murdoch; Nisbet; Holbrook
Q. Aquatic Biology: Cooper; Melack
RR. Research Reviews in Aquatic Ecology: Schmitt; Gaines; Cooper; Holbrook
S. Plant Systematics and Evolution: Schneider; Wilken
T. Parasitology: Kuris
TE. Theoretical Ecology and Evolution: Nisbet
Z. Ecological Physiology: Childress

596. Directed Reading and Research
(2-12) Staff
Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 596 up to half of the graduate units required for the M.A. degree.
Hours and credit by arrangement with faculty.

597. Individual Study for Master's Comprehensive Examinations and Ph.D. Examinations
(1-12) Staff
Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 597. No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree. Students are limited to 24 units per examination, and 12 units per quarter.
Individual study for M.A. comprehensive examinations and Ph.D. examinations.

598. Master's Thesis Research and Preparation
(1-12) Staff
Prerequisites: M.A. (thesis) candidate and consent of committee chair. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 598 to a maximum of 12 units. No unit credit allowed toward advanced degree.
For research underlying the thesis and writing of the thesis.

599. Ph.D. Dissertation Preparation
(1-12) Staff
Prerequisites: Ph.D. candidate and consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit in combination with Biology 599 to a maximum of 12 units.
For writing of the dissertation.